adăuga

Forms

adăuga (third-person singular present adaugă, past participle adăugat, third-person subjunctive adauge), 1st conjugation^[1] The older third-conjugation form adaoge appears in the old texts: „Că omul darnic mai mult adaoge bogățiia sa” “for the generous man increases his wealth the more”.^[2]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin adaugeō (“to increase, augment”), formed from ad- and augeō (“to increase”).^{[3][4][5][2][1][6]} Romanian continues a form with the stress of the third conjugation, which DEX and the REW give as *adaugere.^[5][7] Tiktin describes the later change: the verb passed into the fourth conjugation and finally into the first.^[2]

Aromanian has adavgu, which keeps an old aorist and participle that continue the Latin forms.^[8][9] Of the other Romance languages only Old French aoire kept the verb.^[9][3][7]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is the form adauge in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki (c. 1500), with the sense “to add, to increase”.^[3][10] Tiktin's first date is 1544, and MDA2's first record is the Psaltirea Scheiană (c. 1573–1578).^[2][4]

Semantic evolution

The DA gives “to put something beside what is already there” as the basic sense, from which came “to join, to unite”, “to say further” and “to increase, to grow”.^[9] The old language also had a adaoge cu pâră “to discredit someone by denouncing him”, “to annex” (of lands) and a se adauge cuiva “to resemble someone”.^[4][9] The old forms adaoge, adăoga and adăogi gave way to adăuga;^[10] Tiktin notes that the oldest texts have -u- (adauge, adaus), which has come back into use.^[2][5]

Romanian formed several nouns for “addition”, and in the 17th–19th centuries adăugător and adăugăcios were grammar terms for “adjective” and “subjunctive”, after Greek and Latin models.^[3]

Timeline

• c. 1500 – adauge in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki.^[3][10]
• 1559–1560 – the noun adaos “addition” in Bratul's codex.^[3]
• 1567–1568 – adausătură “addition” in Coresi.^[3]
• 1639 – adăugătură “addition”.^[3]
• c. 1660–1670 – adăugător, also the grammar term “adjective”, in Staicu's lexicon.^[3]
• 1688 – adaoge is the usual form in the Bucharest Bible.^[11]
• 1743 – adăoșag “extra tax” in Neculce.^[3]
• 1910 – supraadăuga “to add still more”, after French surajouter.^[3]

Meanings

Verb

1. To add: to put more on, to give in addition; to make something grow.^[5][1]
2. To say or write something further, as a continuation or completion.^[5]
3. (transitive and reflexive) To join, attach, unite.^[5]
4. (intransitive) To increase, to grow: a adăuga în greutate “to put on weight”.^[12]
5. (obsolete) To annex a land or region.^[4]

Word family

• adaos
• adăosătură
• adăosură
• adăoșag
• adăugământ
• adăugător
• adăugătură
• supraadăuga

Related words

• Aromanian adavgu
• Latin adaugeō

Usage notes

The word is pronounced with four syllables, a-dă-u-ga.^[5] The variants adăoga, adaoge, adăogi and adăugi are older or regional.^[5]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. adăugá
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. adăuga
4. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 14
5. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 12
6. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
7. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 149
8. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 56
9. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. adaoge
10. ^ a b c Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 40:9
11. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Gen 4:12
12. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. adăuga