acolea

Forms

acolea^[1] Old texts also have acole: „Unde ți-e rădăcina ta, acole să-ți fie vărhul tău!” “where your root is, there let your crown be” (Codex Sturdzanus).^[2] The old texts always stress it acoleá; today both acólea and acoleá are heard.^[3][4]

Etymology

Ciorănescu and Wiktionary take it as inherited from Vulgar Latin *eccum illāc (“there, that way”), a phrase of Latin eccum (“here he is, behold”) and illāc (“that way”).^[5][1] DELR gives this as one of two views: the regular outcome would have ended in stressed ⟨-á⟩, which took the ending ⟨-ea⟩ of adverbs such as aicea and aoacea.^[6] Its first view is that the word was remade from acolo on the pattern of aici beside ⟨aicea⟩, which the Academy's history of the language calls possible.^[6] MDA2 and DEX 1998 leave the origin unknown and compare ⟨acolo⟩.^[7][8] The same Latin phrase lies behind Portuguese acolá, Galician acolá, Spanish acullá and Italian colà.^[1][5]

Older explanations start from illīc (“there”) instead.^[6][3] The DA, which called the origin unknown, supposed a form of it with a short ⟨i⟩, from which ⟨acole⟩ and then, with adverbial ⟨-a⟩, ⟨acolea⟩ would follow.^[3][6] Hasdeu took the adverb with its long vowel, which DELR rejects, since /l/ before /iː/ should have become /ʎ/ and then /j/;^[6] Tiktin added the adverbial ⟨-a⟩ and kept the /l/ under the influence of ⟨illāc⟩.^[6] Densusianu and Scriban saw ⟨acolo⟩ with its ending changed after Old Church Slavonic adverbs in ⟨-ě⟩.^[6][9] Ciorănescu adds that the two adverbs mixed, giving many local variants.^[5]

The adverb survives in all four branches: Aromanian aculea, Megleno-Romanian cola and Istro-Romanian colę́.^[6][10]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR's first record is the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century, with the stress acoleá.^[6] The roPsalt index finds it there in Psalm 68:28, and as acole in Psalm 138:7.^[11][12] Tiktin's first date is 1596, and MDA2 cites Varlaam's Cazania of 1643, where it means “near here”.^[2][7]

Semantic evolution

Between aici “here”, at the speaker, and acolo “there”, far off, acolea points to a place in between, close to the speaker.^[3][2] Ciorănescu stresses this nuance of greater nearness as what sets it apart from acolo.^[5] Old texts also use it simply for “there”: DA quotes the Mineiul of 1716, and MDA2 keeps this as an obsolete sense.^[3][7] With de it came to mean “from then on”.^[13]

Hasdeu noted that Moldavian speech has acolè, without the final ⟨-a⟩, and that the shorter colea is commoner than the full form.^[14] Romanian built on it încolea and dincolea, both recorded from 1648.^[6]

Timeline

• c. 1500–1520 – acoleá in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, the first record.^[6][11]
• 1596 – Tiktin's first dated record.^[2]
• 1643 – in Varlaam's Cazania.^[7]
• 1648 – încolea and dincolea in the New Testament of 1648.^[6]
• 1688 – about thirty times in the Bucharest Bible.^[15]
• 1691–1697 – acoleși “right there” in Teodor Corbea's dictionary.^[6]

Meanings

Adverb

1. (popular) Around here, nearby, not far from the speaker.^[4][7]
2. (obsolete) there, in that place.^[7][3]

Related words

• acolo
• colea
• încolea
• dincolea
• aici
• Aromanian aculea

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. acólea
3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. acolea
4. ^ a b DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 7
5. ^ a b c d Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. acolea
6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. acolo
7. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 9
8. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan” (1998), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române, 2nd ed., București: Univers Enciclopedic, p. 7
9. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 65
10. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 54
11. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 68:28
12. ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 138:7
13. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. acolea
14. ^ Hasdeu, B. P. (1886–1898), Etymologicum Magnum Romaniae: dicționarul limbei istorice și poporane a românilor, 4 vols. (A–Bărbat), București: Socec, p. s.v. acolea
15. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Facerea 19:9