Etymology and origin of the Romanian word șes
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- c. 1504 a Slavonic–Romanian document More words from the 16th century
- Inherited from
- Latin sessus
- Ultimate origin
- Latin sedeō
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
- /ʃes/[1]
Forms
șes n (plural șesuri)[1] As an adjective: șes masculine and neuter, feminine șeasă, plural șeși and șese.[1][2] Old texts write șăs: „Pogorî cu ei, stătu în loc șăs” “He came down with them and stood on a level place” (New Testament of 1648, Luke 6:17).[3][4] Șeț, feminine șeață, is a variant of Oltenia and Muntenia: Odobescu writes „câmpia șeață se lungește până în poalele munților” “the flat plain stretches to the foot of the mountains”.[5][3][6]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin sessus (“seat, sitting”), a noun formed on sedeō (“to sit”).[7][8][2][4][9][10][1] Tiktin and the DLR treat it as the past participle of the same verb.[3][4] The Latin noun is recorded only once, in Apuleius, but survives in most Romance languages.[1] Elsewhere it means “seat, backside”: Old French ses, Catalan ses, Spanish sieso and Portuguese sesso.[11]
It survives south of the Danube as Aromanian shes, replaced in Aromanian by pade and kept mainly in place names.[12][13] Albanian shesh “plain” has the same meaning as the Romanian word.[7][9][1] The REW took the Romanian word from Albanian, but Ciorănescu rejects this view.[11][7] Wiktionary takes the Albanian word from Vulgar Latin, like the Romanian one.[1]
Earliest recorded meaning
Tiktin dates the first record to about 1504, in the Slavonic–Romanian documents.[3] In Romanian texts it first appears as șesul “the plain” in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century (Psalm 59:6).[14][8] The Palia of Orăștie (1581) uses the adjective: „aflară un pământ șes ... și acolo lăcuiră” “they found a level land and dwelt there”.[4]
Semantic evolution
The adjective, said of land, means flat, level; the noun, a plain or a flat stretch of land.[2][3] Pușcariu observed that the noun “plain” is the more usual use.[9] The old language used the adjective for flat objects too, and the old geometry had triunghi șeț “plane triangle”.[8] The noun also names a flat hollow and, in folk speech, a plateau on a mountain or hill.[8] In the anatomy of animals it is the flank between the last rib and the hip bone.[2][6] The 17th-century Slavonic–Romanian lexicons gloss șesul and șesurile with Slavonic words for a coastland and wide valleys.[15][16]
Timeline
- c. 1504 – first record, in the Slavonic–Romanian documents.[3]
- c. 1500-1520 – șesul “the plain” in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki.[14][8]
- 1581 – pământ șes “level land” in the Palia of Orăștie.[4]
- 1648 – loc șăs “a level place” in the New Testament of 1648.[3][4]
- 1649 – in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[17]
- 1801 – Shés “plain” in Klein's dictionary.[18]
- 1825 – the noun and the adjective in the Lexicon de la Buda.[19]
Meanings
Adjective
Noun
- A plain: a wide stretch of low land without great differences of level; câmpie: șesul Bărăganului “the Bărăgan plain”.[2][5][1]
- A flat stretch of land in a depression;[2][8] (popular) a plateau on a mountain or hill.[2][8]
- The flank of an animal, between the last rib and the hip bone.[2][6]
Word family
- șesos
- șest
- șestină
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1087
- ^ a b c d e f g Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. șes
- ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. șes
- ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1279
- ^ a b c Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 4, 339
- ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. șes
- ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1097
- ^ a b c Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 143
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. sessus
- ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 7882
- ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1005
- ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 930
- ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 59:6
- ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. șesul
- ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. șesurile
- ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. șes
- ^ Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 443
- ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 636
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Șes.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C8%99es. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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