Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word șes

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
c. 1504 a Slavonic–Romanian document More words from the 16th century
Inherited from
Latin sessus
Ultimate origin
Latin sedeō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin sedeō
Italian sedere
Romanian ședea
Spanish ser
Latin sessus
Romanian șes
From the same root
English reside ← sedeō
Latin assideō ← sedeō
Latin circumsedeō ← sedeō
Latin dēsideō ← sedeō
Latin dissideō ← sedeō
Latin īnsideō ← sedeō
Latin obses ← sedeō
Latin obsideō ← sedeō
Latin persedeō ← sedeō
Latin possideō ← sedeō
Latin praeses ← sedeō
Latin praesideō ← sedeō
Latin resideō ← sedeō
Latin sedīle ← sedeō
Latin sedimentum ← sedeō
Latin sēdō ← sedeō
Latin sessiō ← sedeō
Latin subsidium ← sedeō
Latin supersedeō ← sedeō
Italian sedia ← sedere

Pronunciation

Forms

șes n (plural șesuri)[1] As an adjective: șes masculine and neuter, feminine șeasă, plural șeși and șese.[1][2] Old texts write șăs: „Pogorî cu ei, stătu în loc șăs” “He came down with them and stood on a level place” (New Testament of 1648, Luke 6:17).[3][4] Șeț, feminine șeață, is a variant of Oltenia and Muntenia: Odobescu writes „câmpia șeață se lungește până în poalele munților” “the flat plain stretches to the foot of the mountains”.[5][3][6]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin sessus (“seat, sitting”), a noun formed on sedeō (“to sit”).[7][8][2][4][9][10][1] Tiktin and the DLR treat it as the past participle of the same verb.[3][4] The Latin noun is recorded only once, in Apuleius, but survives in most Romance languages.[1] Elsewhere it means “seat, backside”: Old French ses, Catalan ses, Spanish sieso and Portuguese sesso.[11]

It survives south of the Danube as Aromanian shes, replaced in Aromanian by pade and kept mainly in place names.[12][13] Albanian shesh “plain” has the same meaning as the Romanian word.[7][9][1] The REW took the Romanian word from Albanian, but Ciorănescu rejects this view.[11][7] Wiktionary takes the Albanian word from Vulgar Latin, like the Romanian one.[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to about 1504, in the Slavonic–Romanian documents.[3] In Romanian texts it first appears as șesul “the plain” in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century (Psalm 59:6).[14][8] The Palia of Orăștie (1581) uses the adjective: „aflară un pământ șes ... și acolo lăcuiră” “they found a level land and dwelt there”.[4]

Semantic evolution

The adjective, said of land, means flat, level; the noun, a plain or a flat stretch of land.[2][3] Pușcariu observed that the noun “plain” is the more usual use.[9] The old language used the adjective for flat objects too, and the old geometry had triunghi șeț “plane triangle”.[8] The noun also names a flat hollow and, in folk speech, a plateau on a mountain or hill.[8] In the anatomy of animals it is the flank between the last rib and the hip bone.[2][6] The 17th-century Slavonic–Romanian lexicons gloss șesul and șesurile with Slavonic words for a coastland and wide valleys.[15][16]

Timeline

  • c. 1504 – first record, in the Slavonic–Romanian documents.[3]
  • c. 1500-1520 – șesul “the plain” in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki.[14][8]
  • 1581 – pământ șes “level land” in the Palia of Orăștie.[4]
  • 1648 – loc șăs “a level place” in the New Testament of 1648.[3][4]
  • 1649 – in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[17]
  • 1801 – Shés “plain” in Klein's dictionary.[18]
  • 1825 – the noun and the adjective in the Lexicon de la Buda.[19]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Of land: flat, level; neted, plan.[2][8][1]

Noun

  1. A plain: a wide stretch of low land without great differences of level; câmpie: șesul Bărăganului “the Bărăgan plain”.[2][5][1]
  2. A flat stretch of land in a depression;[2][8] (popular) a plateau on a mountain or hill.[2][8]
  3. The flank of an animal, between the last rib and the hip bone.[2][6]

Word family

  • șesos
  • șest
  • șestină

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1087
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. șes
  4. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. șes
  5. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1279
  6. ^ a b c Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 4, 339
  7. ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. șes
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1097
  9. ^ a b c Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 143
  10. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. sessus
  11. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 7882
  12. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1005
  13. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 930
  14. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 59:6
  15. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. șesul
  16. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. șesurile
  17. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. șes
  18. ^ Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 443
  19. ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 636

Related etymologies

  • apă · also from Latin
  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Șes.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C8%99es. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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