îndrăgosti

Forms

îndrăgosti (third-person singular present îndrăgostește, past participle îndrăgostit) 4th conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian în- + dragoste (“love”), from the noun with the prefix that makes verbs of entering a state.^[2][3][4][5] Wiktionary adds the verbal suffix -i to the analysis,^[1] and Ciorănescu lists the verb among the derivatives of dragoste.^[6] DELR files it in the family of drag and derives it from the noun as well.^[7] The DA compares drăgosti, a verb formed on the same noun without the prefix.^[4]

The noun is from Old Church Slavonic драгость (dragostĭ), first recorded in Coresi's Gospel book of 1560–1561,^[7][1] and goes back to Proto-Slavic *dorgostь, formed on *dorgъ (“dear”).^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR's first record is a Greek–Romanian dictionary of 1796.^[7] Klein's dictionary of 1801 has the first person îndrăgostesc, explained with Latin verbs for falling in love and with Hungarian szerelmeskedni “to make love”.^[8] The first literary quotations in the DA come from Ispirescu's tales (1892): a fairy of the mountains „se îndrăgostise de frumusețea lui” “had fallen in love with his beauty”.^[4][2]

Semantic evolution

Two constructions are old: with de the reflexive verb means “to fall in love with”, and with cu it meant “to have a love affair with someone”, a construction DELR labels old and popular.^[7][5] Ispirescu writes of a prince who „este îndrăgostit cu o zână” “is in love with a fairy”, and Teodorescu's folk poetry has „cu toți să mă-ndrăgostesc”.^[9] The transitive use “to love someone” is rare and unusual;^[9][3] Macedonski uses it in verse.^[9][3] Popular speech also has a reciprocal sense, “to love each other”.^[3][2]

Older or rarer verbs with the same meaning were îndrăgi and the old îndrăguli, recorded from 1847 in Anton Pann.^[2][7]

Timeline

• 1796 – a Greek–Romanian dictionary, the first record.^[7]
• 1801 – îndrăgostesc in Klein's dictionary.^[8]
• 1822 – the first record cited by Tiktin.^[5]
• 1892 – Ispirescu's Legende sau basmele românilor, the first record in MDA2.^[2][4]

Meanings

Verb

1. (reflexive, with de) to fall in love with someone; to begin to love someone: S-a îndrăgostit de colega lui de bancă.^[3][2]
2. (transitive, unusual) to love someone.^[3][2]
3. (reflexive, reciprocal, popular) to love each other.^[3][2]
4. (transitive, rare) to make someone fall in love.^[10]

Word family

• îndrăgostit

Related words

• dragoste
• drag
• îndrăgi
• drăgosti

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1222
3. ^ a b c d e f g DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 545
4. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. îndrăgosti
5. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. îndrăgostí
6. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. dragoste
7. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. drag
8. ^ a b Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 379
9. ^ a b c Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 621
10. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. îndrăgosti