Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word îndoi

Confidence
Established
Formation
Derivation
First attested
c. 1563–1583 Codicele Voronețean More words from the 16th century
Ultimate origins
Romanian în-Latin *dui
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Romanian doi
Romanian îndoi
Derivations

Pronunciation

Forms

îndoi (third-person singular present îndoaie or îndoiește, past participle îndoit, third-person subjunctive îndoaie or îndoiască) 4th conjugation[1] An older variant îndoia, also înduia, is recorded from Coresi's Evanghelie of 1581.[2][3]

Etymology

It is a Romanian formation, from Romanian în- + doi (“two”).[2][4][3][5][1] Graur lists it among the Romanian formations on the descendants of Latin duo.[6] Tiktin notes that the sense “to doubt” developed the same way as in dubitō beside the numeral, German zweifeln beside zwei and Church Slavonic двоити (dvoiti) beside два (dva).[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in the Codicele Voronețean (c. 1563–1583), in its text of Acts 28:6.[2][7][3] DELR glosses the old verb “to double; to add an equal quantity of another liquid; to fold;[2] (reflexive) to change one's mind, hesitate, doubt”.[2] The Psaltirea Scheiană has îndoiră in Psalm 105:33.[8]

Semantic evolution

The first senses were “to double” and, reflexively, “to be of two minds, to doubt”.[2][7] The Bible of 1688 has la ce te îndoiși “why did you doubt”.[7] The 17th-century Slavonic–Romanian lexicons gloss it with Slavonic words for doubting.[9] From doubling came “to mix a liquid with an equal part of another”, as wine with water, and “to fold in two”; folding in turn led to “to bend, to curve”.[10][4] Two conjugations have split the senses: îndoaie “bends, folds”, and îndoiește “doubles; doubts”.[1][4]

The family grew from the doubt sense: îndoială “doubt” from 1651 and îndoielnic “doubtful” from 1820–1830.[2] In slang a se îndoi also means to confess to the police.[11]

Timeline

  • c. 1563–1583 – first record, in the Codicele Voronețean.[2]
  • c. 1573–1578 – îndoiră in the Psaltirea Scheiană, Psalm 105:33.[8]
  • 1581 – the variant îndoia in Coresi's Evanghelie.[2]
  • 1651 – îndoială “doubt”, in the Psaltirea de la Alba Iulia.[2]
  • 1683 – îndoiciune “doubt”, in Dosoftei.[2]
  • 1820–1830 – îndoielnic “doubtful”, in Conachi.[2]
  • 1839 – dezdoi “to unfold”.[2]

Meanings

Verb

  1. (present îndoaie) To fold cloth, paper and the like in two; to fold something several times.[4][1]
  2. (present îndoaie; also reflexive) To bend, curve;[4][1] (reflexive, of people) to stoop.[4][1]
  3. (present îndoiește) To double; by extension, to multiply.[4][3]
  4. (present îndoiește) To mix a liquid with an equal part of another; to dilute: a îndoi vinul cu apă.[4][10]
  5. (reflexive, present îndoiește) To doubt, to be unsure; to distrust someone or something.[4][1]

Word family

Usage notes

The verb has two present forms: îndoaie for the senses “fold, bend” and îndoiește for “double, dilute, doubt”.[4][1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. doi
  3. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1222
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 544
  5. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. doi
  6. ^ Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 39
  7. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. îndoi
  8. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 105:33
  9. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. îndoi
  10. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 687
  11. ^ Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu, p. s.v. îndoi
Cite this entry

“Îndoi.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/%C3%AEndoi. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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