Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word valor

Confidence
Probable
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1200s More words from the 13th century
Inherited from
Latin valor
Ultimate origin
Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁-
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin valeō
French valoir
Italian valere
Portuguese valer
Spanish valer
Latin valor
French valeur
Romanian valoare
Portuguese valor
Spanish valor
Italian valore
From the same root
English vail ← valeō
English valiant ← valeō
French vaillance ← valeō
Latin aequivaleō ← valeō
Latin praevaleō ← valeō
Latin valēns ← valeō
Latin valēscō ← valeō
Latin valētūdō ← valeō
Latin validus ← valeō
French vaillant ← valoir
Portuguese vale ← valer
English valor ← valor
Romanian valora ← valoare
Romanian valoros ← valoare

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /vaˈloʁ/, [vaˈloh][1]
  • São-Paulo: /vaˈloɾ/[1]
  • Rio-de-Janeiro: /vaˈloʁ/, [vaˈloχ][1]
  • Caipira: /vaˈloɻ/[1]

Forms

valor m (plural valores)[1] Houaiss records ualor and vallor in the 14th century.[2] The Cantigas de Santa Maria treat the word as feminine: sa valor, a vossa valor.[3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Late Latin valor (“worth, value”), written Old Galician-Portuguese valor in the oldest texts.[2][4][1] Nascentes takes it rather as a learned word.[5] The Latin noun is found only late, in glossaries; it is formed on valeō (“to be strong; to be worth”) with -or.[6][1] The verb goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁-.[1]

The same word is Spanish valor, French valeur and Italian valore.[7][8] The French word is recorded from 1080, in the Chanson de Roland, already with a double meaning.[8]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss and Cunha date the word to the 13th century, and Cunha gives the senses “daring, vigour”, “merit” and “price”.[2][4] In the Cancioneiro da Ajuda Afonso Mendez de Besteiros has prez nen valor, “worth nor valour”, where it means strength or courage.[3] The Cantigas de Santa Maria praise a ruler de mui gran valor and also speak of the value of three pennies (valor de tres dỹeiradas).[3]

Semantic evolution

From the start the word had a moral side (courage, merit) and a material one (price).[4][3] The cantigas have the phrase nen (dar) valor d'ũa palha por “not to care a straw for”.[9] Folqman (1755) separates the price of a thing from valor de animo, fortitude, and Morais (1789) gives courage, price and merit.[10][11] The original Caldas Aulete adds the term of political economy and the sense “resignation, patience”.[12]

The modern dictionaries add the value of a number or a musical note, the tonal value of a colour, the securities of finance and, in the plural, the moral principles of a person or group.[2][13][14] The sense “courage” lives on in regional speech in Portugal, where a form balor is also recorded, and in Rio Grande do Sul.[15][16]

Timeline

  • 13th century – first records, in the Cancioneiro da Ajuda and the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[2][4][3]
  • 14th century – the spellings ualor and vallor.[2]
  • 1697 – Pereira renders it by Latin valor and pretium.[17]
  • 1755 – Folqman separates price from valor de animo.[10]
  • 1789 – Morais gives courage, price and merit.[11]

Meanings

Noun

  1. The price of something; what it is worth in money: Pagou o valor total do carro.[2][18][1]
  2. A high price: uma joia de valor.[2][19]
  3. (economics) The quality that makes a thing an economic good, by its usefulness and exchange.[2][19]
  4. (mathematics) A number obtained by calculation or measurement: o valor de x.[2][13][1]
  5. courage, bravery: Lutaram com grande valor.[2][20]
  6. Merit or worth of a person or thing: um cientista de valor.[2][20][18]
  7. Usefulness, service; validity: A sua palavra tem valor.[2][18]
  8. (in the plural) The moral, cultural or social principles of a person or group: os valores da família.[2][1]
  9. (art) The lightness or darkness of a colour.[2]
  10. (finance, chiefly in the plural) A security: shares, bonds, bills.[2]

Word family

  • valoração
  • valorar
  • valorativo
  • valorização
  • valorizador
  • valorizar
  • valorosamente
  • valoroso

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. valor
  3. ^ a b c d e Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. valor
  4. ^ a b c d Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. valor
  5. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. valor
  6. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. valor
  7. ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. valor
  8. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. valeur
  9. ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. valor
  10. ^ a b Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. valor
  11. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 508
  12. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. valor
  13. ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. valor
  14. ^ Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. valor
  15. ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. valor
  16. ^ Schlee, Aldyr Garcia (2019), Dicionário da Cultura Pampeana Sul-Rio-Grandense, 2 vols., Pelotas: Fructos do Paiz, p. 2
  17. ^ Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. valor
  18. ^ a b c Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 9375
  19. ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. valor
  20. ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. valor

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Valor.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/valor. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·