Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word valor
- Confidence
- Probable
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1200s More words from the 13th century
- Inherited from
- Latin valor
- Ultimate origin
- Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁-
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
Forms
valor m (plural valores)[1] Houaiss records ualor and vallor in the 14th century.[2] The Cantigas de Santa Maria treat the word as feminine: sa valor, a vossa valor.[3]
Etymology
It is inherited from Late Latin valor (“worth, value”), written Old Galician-Portuguese valor in the oldest texts.[2][4][1] Nascentes takes it rather as a learned word.[5] The Latin noun is found only late, in glossaries; it is formed on valeō (“to be strong; to be worth”) with -or.[6][1] The verb goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁-.[1]
The same word is Spanish valor, French valeur and Italian valore.[7][8] The French word is recorded from 1080, in the Chanson de Roland, already with a double meaning.[8]
Earliest recorded meaning
Houaiss and Cunha date the word to the 13th century, and Cunha gives the senses “daring, vigour”, “merit” and “price”.[2][4] In the Cancioneiro da Ajuda Afonso Mendez de Besteiros has prez nen valor, “worth nor valour”, where it means strength or courage.[3] The Cantigas de Santa Maria praise a ruler de mui gran valor and also speak of the value of three pennies (valor de tres dỹeiradas).[3]
Semantic evolution
From the start the word had a moral side (courage, merit) and a material one (price).[4][3] The cantigas have the phrase nen (dar) valor d'ũa palha por “not to care a straw for”.[9] Folqman (1755) separates the price of a thing from valor de animo, fortitude, and Morais (1789) gives courage, price and merit.[10][11] The original Caldas Aulete adds the term of political economy and the sense “resignation, patience”.[12]
The modern dictionaries add the value of a number or a musical note, the tonal value of a colour, the securities of finance and, in the plural, the moral principles of a person or group.[2][13][14] The sense “courage” lives on in regional speech in Portugal, where a form balor is also recorded, and in Rio Grande do Sul.[15][16]
Timeline
- 13th century – first records, in the Cancioneiro da Ajuda and the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[2][4][3]
- 14th century – the spellings ualor and vallor.[2]
- 1697 – Pereira renders it by Latin valor and pretium.[17]
- 1755 – Folqman separates price from valor de animo.[10]
- 1789 – Morais gives courage, price and merit.[11]
Meanings
Noun
- The price of something; what it is worth in money: Pagou o valor total do carro.[2][18][1]
- A high price: uma joia de valor.[2][19]
- (economics) The quality that makes a thing an economic good, by its usefulness and exchange.[2][19]
- (mathematics) A number obtained by calculation or measurement: o valor de x.[2][13][1]
- courage, bravery: Lutaram com grande valor.[2][20]
- Merit or worth of a person or thing: um cientista de valor.[2][20][18]
- Usefulness, service; validity: A sua palavra tem valor.[2][18]
- (in the plural) The moral, cultural or social principles of a person or group: os valores da família.[2][1]
- (art) The lightness or darkness of a colour.[2]
- (finance, chiefly in the plural) A security: shares, bonds, bills.[2]
Word family
- valoração
- valorar
- valorativo
- valorização
- valorizador
- valorizar
- valorosamente
- valoroso
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. valor
- ^ a b c d e Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. valor
- ^ a b c d Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. valor
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. valor
- ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. s.v. valor
- ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. valor
- ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. valeur
- ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. valor
- ^ a b Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. valor
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 508
- ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. valor
- ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. valor
- ^ Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. valor
- ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. valor
- ^ Schlee, Aldyr Garcia (2019), Dicionário da Cultura Pampeana Sul-Rio-Grandense, 2 vols., Pelotas: Fructos do Paiz, p. 2
- ^ Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. valor
- ^ a b c Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 9375
- ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. valor
- ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. valor
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Valor.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/valor. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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