refrigeração

Forms

refrigeração f (plural refrigerações)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin refrīgerātiō (“a cooling, coolness”).^[2][1][3] Nascentes calls it semi-learned.^[4] The Latin noun is formed from refrīgerō (“to cool down”) with the suffix -tiō, and is found in Cicero and Vitruvius.^[5][6] The verb is formed from re- and frīgus (“cold”).^[5][7] That noun comes from *srīgos, from Proto-Indo-European *sríHgos, and is related to Ancient Greek ῥῖγος (rhîgos, “cold, frost”).^[1] Wiktionary adds that the Portuguese word can also be analysed as refrigerar with the suffix -ção.^[1]

The same Latin word was borrowed as Spanish refrigeración, Catalan refrigeració, French réfrigération, Italian refrigerazione and Romanian refrigerație.^[1][8]

Earliest recorded meaning

Bluteau quotes a medical use from the Luz da Medicina: when there is refrigeração in the extremities of the body, the patient must not be allowed to sleep.^[9] The sense there is the chilling of the body.^[9]

Semantic evolution

Houaiss dates the word to 1661, and Cunha to the 18th century.^[2][3] For Bluteau it is the cooling or tempering of great heat with remedies, and the cooling of anything hot;^[10] Morais (1789) speaks of cooling the heat of the body with diluents, baths and tisanes, and gives refrigério as a synonym.^[9][10] Vieira adds strong cooling, the complete absence of heat.^[11]

The old Caldas Aulete already has the industrial sense, the production and transfer of cold for domestic or industrial use.^[12] Houaiss adds a firm that installs or repairs refrigeration equipment, and in nuclear physics the word means deactivation.^[2][13]

Timeline

• 1661 – first record.^[2]
• 1712–1728 – Bluteau defines refrigeraçaõ as the cooling of heat with remedies.^[9]
• 1789 – Morais describes the cooling of the body's heat.^[10]
• 1871–1874 – Vieira adds the sense “strong cooling”.^[11]

Meanings

Noun

1. The act or effect of refrigerating or cooling.^[2][13][14]
2. Artificial lowering of temperature; the production of cold for domestic or industrial use; refrigeration.^[2][12][15]
3. (by metonymy) A business that specialises in refrigeration.^[2]
4. (nuclear physics) Deactivation.^[2][13]

Related words

• refrigerar
• refrigério
• refrigerante
• frio
• Latin refrīgerātiō

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. refrigeração
3. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. frio
4. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. refrigeração
5. ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
6. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
7. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
8. ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. refrigeración
9. ^ a b c d Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. refrigeraçaõ
10. ^ a b c Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 308
11. ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 5, 153
12. ^ a b Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. refrigeração
13. ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. refrigeração
14. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. refrigeração
15. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. refrigeração