regenerativo

Forms

regenerativo (feminine regenerativa, masculine plural regenerativos, feminine plural regenerativas)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Portuguese regenerar + -tivo, as Aurélio, the DLP and Porto Editora analyse it.^[2][3][4][5] Houaiss describes it as regenerado put into the form of the stem Latin regenerat- with the suffix -ivo.^[6] Nascentes and the first edition of Aurélio take it from that Latin past participle, of regenerō (“to beget again, revive”), with the same suffix.^[7][8] The verb regenerar is itself a learned word from that Latin verb, recorded in Portuguese since 1589.^[9][10]

In the Latin of the Church the verb was used of spiritual rebirth, and Medieval Latin used it for “to baptize”.^[11][12]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss dates the word to 1696.^[6] Morais quotes it from Padre Bernardes's Luz e Calor in the phrase sacramento regenerativo, the sacrament that gives new life, that is, baptism.^[13]

Semantic evolution

The first uses are religious: Morais (1813) defines the word as “having the power to regenerate” and gives as its figurative use sacramento regenerativo and agua regenerativa, said of baptism, and Vieira (1871–1874) still illustrates it with baptismo regenerativo.^[13][14] The modern dictionaries use it for anything that can regenerate or be regenerated, and in biology and medicine for what favours the regrowth of tissues or the recovery of functions of the body.^[6][3][5]

Timeline

• 1589 – first record of the verb regenerar.^[9]
• 1696 – first record of regenerativo, in Padre Bernardes's Luz e Calor.^[6][13]
• 1813 – Morais lists the word, with sacramento regenerativo “baptism”.^[13]
• 1871–1874 – Vieira defines it as “having the virtue of regenerating”.^[14]

Meanings

Adjective

1. That can regenerate or has the power to regenerate: um tratamento regenerativo para a pele.^[6][2][15]
2. Relating to regeneration (regeneração).^[3]
3. (biology, medicine) Favouring the regrowth of tissues or the recovery of bodily functions: medicina regenerativa.^[5]
4. (religion) Giving spiritual rebirth, said of baptism.^[13][14]

Related words

• regenerar
• regeneração
• regenerador
• regenerante
• Latin regenerō

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. regenerativo
3. ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. regenerativo
4. ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 7926
5. ^ a b c Wikcionário (Portuguese Wiktionary), pt.wiktionary.org
6. ^ a b c d e Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. regenerativo
7. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. regenerativo
8. ^ Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda (1975), Novo dicionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, p. 1230
9. ^ a b Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. regenerar
10. ^ Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. regenerar
11. ^ du Cange, Charles du Fresne, et al. (1883–1887), Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis, augmented ed. by Léopold Favre, Niort: L. Favre, p. s.v. regenerare
12. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. regenerare
13. ^ a b c d e Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 2, 583
14. ^ a b c Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 5, 158
15. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. regenerativo