papal

Forms

papal m or f (plural papais)^[1] The first record has the plural papales;^[2][3] Houaiss's first papal is of 1662.^[2][3]

Etymology

Wiktionary and Cunha take it as borrowed from Medieval Latin papālis (“papal”), which is formed from pāpa (“pope”) with the suffix -ālis.^[4][1] Houaiss, Aulete, the DLP and Aurélio analyse it as from Portuguese papa + -al, a formation within the language, while noting that the Medieval Latin word is recorded.^[2][5][6][7]

The same adjective is Galician papal, Spanish papal, French papal and Italian papale.^[8][1][9]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record that Lorenzo's chronology gives is of 1493: dereitos... asy canonicos como çibiis, papales, inperiales, “rights, canon as well as civil, papal and imperial”.^[3] Lorenzo notes that Machado had dated the word only to the 16th century, after Morais.^[3]

Semantic evolution

Morais (1789) gives the example sentença papal “papal sentence”.^[10] Vieira (1871–1874) adds terras papaes, the lands under the Pope's rule, and os papaes, the Pope's partisans, as a noun.^[11] Houaiss gives the synonym papalino, which he derives from papal.^[2][12]

Timeline

• 1493 – the plural papales in a document of Lorenzo's chronology.^[3][2]
• 15th century – Cunha's date for the word.^[4]
• 1662 – Houaiss's first record of the form papal.^[2]
• 1789 – Morais gives sentença papal.^[10]
• 1858 – Houaiss's first date for papalino.^[12]

Meanings

Adjective

1. papal: of or relating to the Pope or the papacy; papalino.^[2][7][1]

Word family

• papalino

Related words

• papa
• papado
• pontifício
• Medieval Latin papālis

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. papal
3. ^ a b c d e Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. papal
4. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. papal
5. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. papal
6. ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. papal
7. ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. papal
8. ^ Estraviz, Isaac Alonso, Dicionário Estraviz, https://estraviz.org, p. s.v. papal
9. ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. papal
10. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 154
11. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 4, 650
12. ^ a b Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. papalino