jardineiro

Forms

jardineiro m (plural jardineiros, feminine jardineira, feminine plural jardineiras)^[1]

Etymology

Houaiss derives it from Portuguese jardim + -eiro, with the final nasal of the noun developing into a dental ⟨n⟩; he notes that Cunha derives it instead from the verb jardinar.^[2] Wiktionary and Michaelis also give the noun and the suffix, and Aurélio adds that the word follows the learned pattern.^[1][3][4] The Academia's dictionary and Porto Editora derive it instead from French jardinier, and DELPo compares the French word.^[5][6][7]

jardim itself, recorded from the 13th century, is from French jardin, a diminutive of Old French jart (“garden”), from Frankish *gard (“enclosure”).^[8][9] Houaiss observes that its Portuguese derivatives are late, although the noun is old.^[8]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss's first record is from Francisco Manuel de Melo in 1651, for a person who looks after gardens.^[2]

Semantic evolution

Bluteau (1712–1728) defines the word as “one who cultivates a garden” and gives a separate gloss for the gardener who clips myrtle into figures, Latin topiarius.^[10] Folqman (1755) translates it with Latin hortulanus.^[11] Houaiss and the Academia's dictionary also record an adjective, “of gardens”.^[2][5] Michaelis lists jardineiro-dos-matos as the name of a beetle.^[3]

Timeline

• 1651 – first record of jardineiro, in Francisco Manuel de Melo.^[2]
• 1712–1728 – Bluteau defines it and adds the topiary gardener.^[10]
• 1755 – Folqman glosses it hortulanus.^[11]

Meanings

Noun

1. A gardener: a person who tends gardens, as a trade or as a hobby (jardinagem).^[2][4][1]

Adjective

1. Of or relating to gardens.^[2][5]

Related words

• jardim
• jardinagem
• jardinar
• French jardinier

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. jardineiro
3. ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. jardineiro
4. ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. jardineiro
5. ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. jardineiro
6. ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 5462
7. ^ NEHiLP – Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Etimologia e História da Língua Portuguesa, Universidade de São Paulo, DELPo: Dicionário Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa (online database), p. s.v. jardineiro
8. ^ a b Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. jardim
9. ^ Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. jardim
10. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. jardineiro
11. ^ a b Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. jardineiro