Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word caridade

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1200s Cantigas de Santa Maria More words from the 13th century
Inherited from
Latin caritas
Ultimate origin
Proto-Indo-European *keh₂-ro-
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin cārus
Catalan car
French cher
Italian caro
Portuguese caro
Spanish caro
Latin cāritās
Portuguese caridade
Italian carità
Romanian caritate
From the same root
French chérir ← cārus
Italian carino ← cārus
Latin care ← cārus
Latin percārus ← cārus
French cherté ← cher

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /ka.ɾiˈda.d͡ʒi/[1]
  • Portugal: /kɐ.ɾiˈda.dɨ/, [kɐ.ɾiˈða.ðɨ][1]
  • Portugal, Southern: /kɐ.ɾiˈda.dɨ/[1]

Forms

caridade f (plural caridades)[1] Houaiss records karydade in the 14th century and charidade in the 15th.[2] Feijó (1734) gives both caridade and charidade.[3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin cāritās (“dearness; love, affection”), written Old Galician-Portuguese caridade in the oldest texts.[2][4][1] The Latin noun is formed from cārus (“dear”) with the suffix -tās, and first meant “dearness, high price”.[5][1] De Vaan reconstructs *kāro- and Proto-Indo-European *keh₂-ro- (“desired, desirable”), and compares Latvian kãrs (“lustful”) and Old Irish carae (“friend”).[6]

The same Latin word is Galician caridade, Spanish caridad, Catalan caritat, French charité, Italian carità and Romanian caritate.[7][1] Meyer-Lübke considers it a word of the language of the Church, as its Christian senses “love of one's neighbour” and “alms” show.[7] Nascentes repeats this.[8]

Earliest recorded meaning

In the 13th-century Cantigas de Santa Maria the word means both Christian love and charitable giving: the sick go to a shrine to be healed and the healthy dan y ssa caridade “give their alms there”, and the Virgin is called Madre de Caridade.[9] In the cantigas d'escarnho it appears in the set phrase por caridade or par caridade “for pity's sake, please”.[9][10]

Semantic evolution

The cantigas d'amigo use it for alms.[9] Barbosa (1611) gives two senses, love and mercy, and adds caridosa cousa “a charitable thing”.[11] Folqman (1755) has fazer muitas caridades “to give much in alms”.[12] Morais (1813) records the ironic use, fizerão-lhe a caridade “they did him a kindness”, meaning some harm.[13]

In Brazil, especially in the north, the word also names a cake made of wheat flour, butter, sugar and eggs.[14][15] Cunha dates caridoso to the 15th century and caritativo to 1813, with an earlier record of 1614 in his addenda.[4]

Timeline

  • 13th century – caridade in the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[9][4]
  • 14th century – the spelling karydade.[2]
  • 1350 – caridade in the Trasladação de S. Nicolau.[16]
  • 15th century – the spelling charidade and first record of caridoso.[2][4]
  • 1569 – Cardoso's dictionary translates Caridade with Latin charitas.[17]
  • 1611 – Barbosa lists the senses love and mercy.[11]
  • 1734 – Feijó accepts both caridade and charidade.[3]

Meanings

Noun

  1. (Christianity) charity, the theological virtue of loving God and one's neighbour.[2][14]
  2. benevolence, kindness, compaixão towards others.[14][18]
  3. A charitable act; help given to the needy; alms, esmola: A família sobrevive da caridade alheia.[2][14][1]
  4. (ironic) Harm or an offence done to someone.[19][18]
  5. (northern Brazil, cooking) A cake of wheat flour, butter, sugar and eggs.[14][15]

Word family

  • caridoso
  • descaridoso

Usage notes

Por caridade “for pity's sake, please” has been in use since the medieval cantigas.[9] Irmã da caridade is a nun, not cloistered, who nurses the poor sick.[19]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. caridade
  3. ^ a b Feijó, João de Morais Madureira (1734), Orthographia, ou Arte de escrever, e pronunciar com acerto a lingua portugueza, Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. caridade
  4. ^ a b c d Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. caridade
  5. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. cāritās
  6. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  7. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 1695
  8. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1955), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 1: Nomes comuns, Rio de Janeiro (1st ed. 1932, preface by W. Meyer-Lübke), p. 99
  9. ^ a b c d e Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. caridade
  10. ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. caridade
  11. ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. caridade
  12. ^ Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. caridade
  13. ^ Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 1, 347
  14. ^ a b c d e Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. caridade
  15. ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. caridade
  16. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. caridade
  17. ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. caridade
  18. ^ a b Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 1815
  19. ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. caridade

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Caridade.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/caridade. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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