cabido

Forms

cabido m (plural cabidos)^[1] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote cabidoo, cabijdoo and cabiidoon, later cabydo.^[2][3] Houaiss dates cabidóó to 1344 and cabydo to the 15th century.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin capitulum (“chapter”), written Old Galician-Portuguese cabidoo in the oldest texts.^[3][1][2] In classical Latin the word meant “a little head”, a diminutive formed from caput (“head”); it came to mean a chapter of a book, and in Medieval Latin the gathering of canons or monks at which a chapter of the rule was read, and then the body of canons itself.^[4][5][6]

Nascentes considers it a church word that entered the language later than the popular vocabulary: the stressed /i/ continues a Latin short ⟨i⟩, which in an old popular word would have become /e/.^[7] Corominas likewise calls the Spanish word semi-learned.^[8] The fully learned form of the same Latin word is capítulo, recorded from the 14th century.^[1][9]

The same Latin word is Galician cabido, Spanish cabildo, French chapitre and Italian capitolo.^[10][11]

Earliest recorded meaning

Afonso II's testament of 1214 leaves a bequest ao cabidoo da see da Idania “to the chapter of the see of Idanha”, and a document of 1286 names o cabido de Samoos.^[2] Houaiss's first date is 1286.^[3] In the Cantigas de Santa Maria the word means both the chapter of canons and the chapter-house, listed with the cloister, dormitory and refectory.^[2]

Semantic evolution

Medieval Galician records also use cabidoo for a meeting of a guild, such as the shoemakers' and butchers' confraternities of Santiago.^[2] Morais (1789) defines the word as the body of canons of a cathedral and refers to galilé, the porch of a church, which Houaiss lists as a further sense.^[12][3] The sense “chapter of a religious order” is now obsolete, and the word may also be used of any assembly or corporation.^[3][13][14]

Timeline

• 1214 – ao cabidoo da see da Idania in the testament of Afonso II.^[2]
• 1286 – o cabido de Samoos, the year that is also Houaiss's first date.^[2][3][2][3]
• 1344 – the spelling cabidóó.^[3]
• c. 1430 – cabidoo in the Horto do Esposo (witness 1390–1437).^[15]
• 1556 – cabydo in a private letter.^[16]
• 1789 – Morais defines it as the corporation of canons of a cathedral.^[12]

Meanings

Noun

1. (Christianity) A chapter: the body of canons (cónegos) of a cathedral or collegiate church: O bispo reuniu o cabido na sacristia.^[3][17][1]
2. (obsolete) A chapter, a general assembly of a religious congregation or order.^[3][17]
3. By extension, any assembly, corporation or association.^[3][18]
4. (architecture) A galilee, the porch of a church (galilé).^[3]

Related words

• capítulo
• capitular
• cónego
• Latin capitulum
• Spanish cabildo

Usage notes

A different word, the adjective cabido, is the past participle of caber (13th century, older cabudo): “fitting, admissible”, “deserved”, informally “meddlesome”, and in Portugal “modest, discreet”.^[3][17] In north-eastern Brazil a menino cabido is a cheeky child who pushes in everywhere.^[19]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. cabidoo
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. cabido
4. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. capitulum
5. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. chapitre
6. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. capitulum
7. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1955), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 1: Nomes comuns, Rio de Janeiro (1st ed. 1932, preface by W. Meyer-Lübke), p. s.v. cabido
8. ^ Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 1, 713
9. ^ Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. capítulo
10. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 1640
11. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. capitulum
12. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 206
13. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. cabido
14. ^ Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. s.v. cabido
15. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. cabidoo
16. ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. cabido
17. ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. cabido
18. ^ Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. cabido
19. ^ Navarro, Fred (2004), Dicionário do Nordeste, São Paulo: Estação Liberdade, p. s.v. cabido