Dutch words from Proto-Germanic
239 Dutch words with Proto-Germanic in their history, whether borrowed directly or passed on through other languages.
aan
It is inherited from Middle Dutch āne, inherited from Old Dutch ana, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ana, inherited from Proto-Germanic *ana. Old Dutch had ⟨an⟩ as a preposition and ⟨ana-⟩ in…
achter
It is inherited from Middle Dutch achter, inherited from Old Dutch after, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *aftar, inherited from Proto-Germanic *after (“behind, after”). Middle Dutch also wrote…
af
It is inherited from Middle Dutch af (oldest ⟨ave⟩), inherited from Old Dutch ava, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ab, inherited from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away from”), which the EWN writes…
al
It is inherited from Middle Dutch al, inherited from Old Dutch al, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *all, inherited from Proto-Germanic *alla- (“all, whole”). The same word is Old Saxon al, Old…
als
It is inherited from Middle Dutch alse, a weakened form of also, inherited from Old Dutch alsō (“as, just as”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *allswā (“completely so”), an old compound of al…
ander
It is inherited from Middle Dutch ander, inherited from Old Dutch andar, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *anþar, inherited from Proto-Germanic *anþeraz (“other, second”). The same word is Old…
avond
It is inherited from Middle Dutch âvont, inherited from Old Dutch āvont, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ābanþ, inherited from Proto-Germanic *ēbanþs (“evening”). The same word is Old Saxon…
bed
It is inherited from Middle Dutch bedde, inherited from Old Dutch beddi, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *badi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *badją (“bed, bedding”). The same word is Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌹…
beginnen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch beginnen, inherited from Old Dutch biginnan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *biginnan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *biginnaną (“to begin”), made with the…
begrijpen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch begripen, inherited from Old Dutch bigrīpan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *bigrīpan, made with the prefix be- from grijpen “to grasp”. The same formation is…
bel
1. The bell is inherited from Middle Dutch belle, inherited from Old Dutch bella, inherited from Proto-Germanic *bello- (“bell”). The same word is Middle Low German belle, West Frisian bel and Old…
best
It is inherited from Middle Dutch best, inherited from Old Dutch betist, inherited from Proto-Germanic *batistaz (“best”), the superlative with the suffix *-istaz of the root *bat- (“good”), which…
betekenen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch betekenen, inherited from Old Dutch bitēkanen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *bitaiknijan, formed with be- on a verb of the same meaning that survives as…
beter
It is inherited from Middle Dutch beter, inherited from Old Dutch betiro, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *batiʀō, inherited from Proto-Germanic *batiza-. The same comparative is Old Saxon…
bij
1. The preposition is inherited from Middle Dutch bi, inherited from Old Dutch bī, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *bī, inherited from Proto-Germanic *bi (“by, at”). The same word is Old Saxon…
blij
It is inherited from Middle Dutch blide, inherited from Old Dutch *blīthi, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *blīþī, inherited from Proto-Germanic *blīþi-. The modern form lost the ⟨d⟩ between…
blijven
It is inherited from Middle Dutch blîven, inherited from Old Dutch blīvan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *bilīban, inherited from Proto-Germanic *bilībaną (“to remain”). It was formed with the…
bloed
It is inherited from Middle Dutch bloet, inherited from Old Dutch bluot, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *blōd, inherited from Proto-Germanic *blōda- (“blood”). The same word is Old Saxon blōd…
boven
It is inherited from Middle Dutch bōven, inherited from Old Dutch bovan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *biobanā. It was formed with the prefix Proto-Germanic *bi- (see be-) on an adverb…
brengen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch brengen (usually ⟨bringen⟩ in Middle Dutch), inherited from Old Dutch bringan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *bringan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *bringaną…
broer
It is inherited from Middle Dutch broer, a contracted form of broeder, inherited from Middle Dutch broeder, inherited from Old Dutch bruother, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *brōþer, inherited…
buiten
It is inherited from Middle Dutch bûten, inherited from Old Dutch būtan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *biūtan (“outside of, without, except”). It was formed with the Germanic prefix *bi- (see…
daar
It is inherited from Middle Dutch daer, inherited from Old Dutch thār, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þār, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þar. The same word is Old Saxon thār, Old High German…
dag
It is inherited from Middle Dutch dach, inherited from Old Dutch dag, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *dag, inherited from Proto-Germanic *dagaz (“day”). The same word is Old Saxon dag, Old High…
dagen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch dāghen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *dagēn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *dagāną (“to dawn”), a verb made from Proto-Germanic *dagaz (“day”), the source of…
dan
It is inherited from Middle Dutch dan, inherited from Old Dutch than, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þan (“then, at that time”). The same word is Old Saxon…
dank
It is inherited from Middle Dutch danc, inherited from Old Dutch thank, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þankaz (“thought; thanks”). The same word is Old Saxon thank, Old High German danc (modern…
dat
It is inherited from Middle Dutch dat, inherited from Old Dutch that, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þat, the nominative and accusative neuter singular of the demonstrative pronoun die. The same…
denken
It is inherited from Middle Dutch denken (also dinken), inherited from Old Dutch thenken, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þankijan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną (“to think”). The…
deur
It is inherited from Middle Dutch dore, inherited from Old Dutch duri (“doors”), inherited from Proto-Germanic *durz (“door”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“doorway, door, gate”). Kroonen…
ding
It is inherited from Middle Dutch dinc, inherited from Old Dutch thing, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þing, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þinga- (“meeting, case, thing”). The same word is Old…
dingen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch dinghen, inherited from Old Dutch *thingon, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þingōn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þingōną (“to hold a meeting, discuss”), a…
dochter
It is inherited from Middle Dutch dochter, inherited from Old Dutch dohter, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *dohter, inherited from Proto-Germanic *duhtēr, inherited from Proto-Indo-European…
doden
It is inherited from Middle Dutch dôden, inherited from Old Dutch *dōden, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *daudijan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *daudijaną (“to make dead, kill”). The verb was…
doen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch doen, inherited from Old Dutch duon, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *dōn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *dōną (“to do, to put”). The same verb is Old Saxon dōn…
dood
1. The adjective “dead” is inherited from Middle Dutch doot, inherited from Old Dutch dōd, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *daud, inherited from Proto-Germanic *daudaz (“dead”). The same word is…
door
It is inherited from Middle Dutch dore, inherited from Old Dutch thuro, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þurhw (“through”). The same word is Old Saxon thuru, Old High German duruh (modern German…
dragen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch drāghen, inherited from Old Dutch dragan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *draganą (“to draw, pull, carry”). The same verb is Old Saxon dragan (“to carry”), Old High…
drie
It is inherited from Middle Dutch drie, inherited from Old Dutch thrī, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þrīʀ, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þrīz (“three”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European…
drinken
It is inherited from Middle Dutch drinken, inherited from Old Dutch drinkan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *drinkaną (“to drink”). The same verb is Old Saxon drinkan, Old High German trinkan (modern…
druk
The noun is inherited from Middle Dutch druc (“pressure, oppression”), inherited from Proto-Germanic *þrukki-, a derivative of the verb drukken. It corresponds to Middle Low German druck (“pressure…
dus
It is inherited from Middle Dutch dus, inherited from Old Dutch thus, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þus, inherited from Proto-Germanic *þus. The same word is Old Saxon thus, Old Frisian thus…
echt
1. It is inherited from Middle Dutch echt, inherited from Old Dutch *ēhaft, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *aiwahaft. It is a very old compound, Germanic ⟨*aiwō-hafta-⟩: the first part is the…
een
It is inherited from Middle Dutch een, inherited from Old Dutch ēn, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ain, inherited from Proto-Germanic *aina- (“one, alone”). The same word is Old Saxon ēn, Old…
eerst
It is inherited from Middle Dutch eerst (also ⟨erst⟩, ⟨ierst⟩), inherited from Old Dutch ērist, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *airist, inherited from Proto-Germanic *airista- (“earliest…
eerste
It is inherited from Middle Dutch eerste, inherited from Old Dutch *ēristo, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *airist, the superlative of an adverb Proto-Germanic *air (“early”). The comparative of…
eigen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch eighen, inherited from Old Dutch *eigan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *aigan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *aiganaz (“own”). The adjective was probably at…
en
It is inherited from Middle Dutch ende, inherited from Old Dutch inde, inherited from Proto-Germanic *andi. Old Dutch also has in, enda and ande, and the Middle Dutch form was later shortened to en…
erg
It is inherited from Middle Dutch arch or erch, inherited from Old Dutch arug, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *arg, inherited from Proto-Germanic *argaz (“unmanly, cowardly”). The change of ⟨a⟩…
ergens
It is inherited from Middle Dutch ergens, inherited from Old Dutch iergen (“somewhere”), inherited from Proto-Germanic *euhwargin, an old Germanic compound with a young Dutch final -s. Middle Dutch…
eten
It is inherited from Middle Dutch eten, inherited from Old Dutch etan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *etan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *etaną (“to eat”). The same verb is Old Saxon etan, Old…
even
It is inherited from Middle Dutch even, a by-form of the more usual Middle Dutch adjective effen, inherited from Old Dutch *evan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ebn, inherited from…
gaan
It is inherited from Middle Dutch gâen, inherited from Old Dutch gān, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *gān, inherited from Proto-Germanic *gāną (“to go”). Kroonen sets up Proto-Germanic *gēn- and…
gebeuren
It is inherited from Middle Dutch geburen, inherited from Old Dutch giburen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *gaburjan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *gaburjaną, formed with the prefix ge- on the…
geld
It is inherited from Middle Dutch gelt, inherited from Old Dutch geld, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *geld, inherited from Proto-Germanic *geldą (“payment, compensation”). The noun is formed…
gelijk
It is inherited from Middle Dutch gelijc, inherited from Old Dutch gilīk, inherited from Proto-Germanic *galīkaz (“alike”). The Germanic adjective was formed with the prefix *ga-, Dutch ge-, from…
geloof
It is inherited from Middle Dutch gelôve, inherited from Old Dutch gilōvo (“faith”), inherited from Proto-Germanic *galaubô (“belief”). The EWN and the ONW treat it as a noun formed from the verb…
geloven
It is inherited from Middle Dutch gelôven, inherited from Old Dutch gilōbian (“to trust, believe”), inherited from Proto-Germanic *galaubijaną (“to praise; to allow; to believe”). The EWN analyses…
genoeg
It is inherited from Middle Dutch ghenoech, inherited from Old Dutch ginuog, inherited from Proto-Germanic *ganōgaz (“enough, sufficient”), formed with the prefix *ga-, which expresses completeness…
geven
It is inherited from Middle Dutch gêven, inherited from Old Dutch gevan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *geban, inherited from Proto-Germanic *geban-. The same verb is Old Saxon geƀan, Old High…