Dutch words first recorded in the 10th century

It is inherited from Middle Dutch mogen, inherited from Old Dutch mugan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *magan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *maganą (“to be able”). The same verb is Old Saxon…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch morghen, inherited from Old Dutch morgan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *morgin, inherited from Proto-Germanic *murgana- (“morning”). The same word is Old…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch name, inherited from Old Dutch namo, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *namō, inherited from Proto-Germanic *namô (“name”). The same word is Old Saxon namo, Old…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch nacht, inherited from Old Dutch naht, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *naht, inherited from Proto-Germanic *nahts (“night”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch nēmen, inherited from Old Dutch neman, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *neman, inherited from Proto-Germanic *nemaną (“to take”). The same verb is Old Saxon…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch nieuwe, inherited from Old Dutch niuwi, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *niwi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *niwjaz (“new”). The same word is Old Saxon niuwi…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch nû, inherited from Old Dutch nū, inherited from Proto-Germanic *nu. The same word is Old Saxon nū, Old High German nū (modern German nun), Old Frisian nū (modern…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch of (also ofte, ochte), inherited from Old Dutch of (“if, whether”). In modern Dutch the subordinating conjunction “if, whether”, recorded in Old Dutch, has fallen…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch ombe, inherited from Old Dutch umbi, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *umbi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *umbi. The Middle Dutch form became ⟨omme⟩ by…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch onder, inherited from Old Dutch under, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *undar, inherited from Proto-Germanic *under (“under; among”). The same word is Old Saxon…

1. The pronoun is inherited from Middle Dutch ons, inherited from Old Dutch uns, inherited from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”). The same word is Old Saxon ūs, Old High German uns (modern German uns)…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch ooc, inherited from Old Dutch ōk, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *auk, inherited from Proto-Germanic *auk. The same word is Old Saxon ōk, Old High German ouh…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch ōver, inherited from Old Dutch ovir, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *obar, inherited from Proto-Germanic *uber. The same word is Old Saxon oƀar, Old High German…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch tsamen, a contraction of tesamen, from Old Dutch tesaman: the adverb saman (“together”) with the preposition te. The adverb is inherited from Proto-West Germanic…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch schieten, inherited from Old Dutch skietan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *skeutan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *skeutan- (“to shoot, dash”). The same verb…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch scrîven, inherited from Old Dutch skrīvan, borrowed from Latin scrībō (“to write”), an early loan made when the Germanic peoples took over the Roman way of writing…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch slâpen, inherited from Old Dutch slāpan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *slāpan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *slēpan- (“to sleep”). The same verb is Old Saxon…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch spreken, inherited from Old Dutch sprecan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sprekan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sprekaną (“to speak”). The same verb is Old…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch stâen, inherited from Old Dutch stān, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *stān, inherited from Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”). The same verb is Old Saxon stān…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch stoppen, inherited from Old Dutch stuppon (“to stop up”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn. Middle Dutch also had a form ⟨stopen⟩. The same verb is…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch tijt, inherited from Old Dutch tīt, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *tīdi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *tīdiz (“time”). The same word is Old Saxon tīd, Old…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch toe, inherited from Old Dutch *tuo, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *tō, inherited from Proto-Germanic *tō (“to, towards”). The Old Dutch form is inferred from…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch tote, inherited from Old Dutch tuote (“up to”), formed from Dutch toe + te in a combination whose mostly unstressed vowels were weakened and shortened. Related…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch uwe, inherited from Old Dutch iuwa (“your (plural)”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *iuwar, inherited from Proto-Germanic *izweraz. It was the possessive that…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch vallen, inherited from Old Dutch fallan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *fallan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *fallaną (“to fall”). The same verb is Old Saxon…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch vast, inherited from Old Dutch fast, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *fastī, inherited from Proto-Germanic *fastuz (“firm, fixed”). The same word is Old Saxon…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch vele, inherited from Old Dutch filo, inherited from Proto-Germanic *felu (“much, a lot”). The same word is Old Saxon filu, Old High German filu (modern German…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch vergeten, inherited from Old Dutch fargetan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *fragetan. It is formed with the prefix ver- from a verb Proto-Germanic *getaną (“to…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch vinden, inherited from Old Dutch findan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *finþan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *finþan-. The same verb is Old Saxon findan, Old…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch vol, inherited from Old Dutch fol, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *full, inherited from Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”). The same word is Old Saxon ful, Old…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch vroech, beside the older vroe, inherited from Old Dutch fruo, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *frō (“early”), inherited from Proto-Germanic *frō. The same word…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch waerhede, inherited from Old Dutch wārheit, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wārahaidu (“truth”). It is formed from the adjective waar “true” with the suffix…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch wâpen, inherited from Old Dutch wāpan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wāpn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wēpną (“weapon”). The same noun is Old Saxon wāpan…

1. The adverb is inherited from Middle Dutch weder, inherited from Old Dutch withero, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wiþr, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wiþrą (“against”). The contracted…

1. The adverb meaning “well” is inherited from Middle Dutch wel (beside wale), inherited from Old Dutch wala, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wela. The EWN gives the Germanic form as ⟨*welō-⟩. The…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch welc, inherited from Old Dutch wilik, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hwilīkaz (“what kind of”). The same word is Gothic 𐍈𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (ƕileiks), Old Norse hvílíkr (modern…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch werelt, inherited from Old Dutch werolt, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *weraldi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *weraldiz. The same word is Old Saxon werold…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch werken, inherited from Old Dutch wirken, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wirkijan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną (“to make, effect”), a verb formed…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch wie, inherited from Old Dutch wie, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hwaz (“who”). The same pronoun is Old Saxon hwē, Old…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch wi, inherited from Old Dutch wī, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wīz (“we”). Old Dutch also has the eastern form wir, which…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch wonen, inherited from Old Dutch wonon (“to dwell, stay”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wunēn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wunāną. The same verb is Old…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch werden, inherited from Old Dutch werthan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *werþan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *werþan-. The same verb is Old Saxon werthan…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch sake, inherited from Old Dutch saka, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *saku, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sakō- (“quarrel, lawsuit”). The same word is Old Saxon…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch sat, inherited from Old Dutch sat, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sad, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sada- (“sated, full”). The same word is Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌸𐍃…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch segghen, inherited from Old Dutch seggen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *saggjan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sagjan- (“to say, recount”). The same verb is…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch selve, inherited from Old Dutch self, inherited from Proto-Germanic *selbaz (“self”). The same word is Old Saxon selƀo, Old High German selbo (modern German selbst…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch sich, borrowed from Middle High German sich: the word is not native to most of Dutch but spread into the standard language from the east under High German…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch sitten, inherited from Old Dutch sitten, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sittjan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sitjaną (“to sit”). The same verb is Old Saxon…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch soeken, inherited from Old Dutch suoken, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sōkijan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sōkijaną (“to seek”). The same verb is Old…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch sonder, inherited from Old Dutch sunder, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sunder (“apart, separately”). The same word is Old Saxon sundar (“separate”), Old High…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch sorgen, inherited from Old Dutch sorgon, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sorgēn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *surgāną (“to worry, be concerned”), a verb…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch vore, inherited from Old Dutch fora, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *forē, inherited from Proto-Germanic *furai. Two Proto-Germanic forms of much the same…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch bûten, inherited from Old Dutch būtan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *biūtan (“outside of, without, except”). It was formed with the Germanic prefix *bi- (see…

It is inherited from Middle Dutch eighen, inherited from Old Dutch *eigan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *aigan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *aiganaz (“own”). The adjective was probably at…