Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is from Latin re- + sedeō (“to sit”). De Vaan traces ⟨sedeō⟩ to the stative Proto-Indo-European *sed-eh₁- (“to be seated”).

It is from Latin re- (“back, again”) + sistō (“to stop, stand”). Its perfect ⟨restitī⟩ coincides with that of restō.

It is from Latin re- (“back”) + solvō (“to loosen”).

It is from Latin re- (“back, again”) + sonō (“to sound”). Ennius, Pacuvius and Accius have third-conjugation forms ⟨resonit⟩, ⟨resonunt⟩.

It is from Latin re- (“back”) + speciō (“to look”). Plautus has an old subjunctive ⟨respexis⟩.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *reskti- (“rope”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *Hresg-ti- (“rope, cord”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *Hresg- (“to plait, bind”). Cognate with Sanskrit…

It is from Latin re- (“back, again”) + stō (“to stand”). Its perfect ⟨restitī⟩ coincides with that of resistō, and Propertius has ⟨restāverit⟩.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *rēti-, of uncertain origin. Niedermann suggested an original masculine *rētis with a neuter plural, from which rēte was formed back. Schrijver rejects the old link…

It is from Latin re- (“back”) + teneō (“to hold”).

It is from Latin re- (“back”) + trahō (“to drag, draw”).

It is from Latin re- (“again”) + videō (“to see”).

It is from Latin re- + vīsō (“to go to see”), from Proto-Italic ⟨*wreweidsō⟩. De Vaan explains ⟨vīsō⟩ as an ⟨s⟩-desiderative ⟨*weid-s-ō⟩ of videō, Proto-Indo-European *wid-eh₁- (“to see”).

It is from Latin re- (“back”) + vocō (“to call”). An inscription has the participle ⟨revocitus⟩.

It is from Latin rīdeō (“to laugh”) + -culus, the diminutive suffix. Festus says it properly means one laughed at for disgraceful things.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *reipā-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reip-h₂- (“steep slope”). The OLD gives the connection as possible. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐρίπνη (erípnē, “steep…

It is from Latin rīdeō (“to laugh”) + -tus, an action noun. De Vaan finds no good Indo-European etymology for ⟨rīdeō⟩ and rejects the old comparison with Sanskrit व्रीडते (vrīḍate, “is shy”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *reitu- (“rite”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *h₂rey- (“to count, observe carefully”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós, “number”) and Old Irish…

De Vaan takes it as a verb formed from a noun, from Proto-Italic *rogo- (“request”) or an adjective “stretching”, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃roǵ-o- (“stretching”), of the arms in begging; the same…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *rōs, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rōs (“dew, juice”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ers- (“to flow”). Cognate with Sanskrit रस (rása, “juice…

It is from Latin rōdō (“to gnaw”) + -trum, an instrument noun, “gnawer”. De Vaan derives rōdō from Proto-Italic *(w)rōde/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₃d-e/o- (“to gnaw”) or a variant, and calls…

It is a diminutive from Latin rota (“wheel”) + -ula. De Vaan traces ⟨rota⟩ to the feminine of an old adjective ⟨*Hrot-o-⟩ “revolving”, from Proto-Indo-European ⟨*Hret-⟩ “to run, roll”.

It is from Latin rubeō (“to be red”) + -cundus. De Vaan traces ⟨ruber⟩ to Proto-Italic *ruþro- (“red”), Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰ-ró- (“red”), cognate with Umbrian ⟨rufru⟩ and Ancient Greek…

1. Its origin is uncertain; the OLD calls it doubtful. Wiktionary derives it from Proto-Indo-European *Hrew- (“to tear up, dig up”) and relates it to rūdus “rubble”, and Köbler to…

It is a borrowing from a Sabellic language, where *þ became /f/, from Proto-Italic *rouþo- (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁roudʰ-o- (“red”). Native Latin has ruber “red” from the same root…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *roumōs-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₃re/ouH-mo- (“roaring”), from the root *h₃rewH- “to roar, shout”. Cognate with Sanskrit रवति (rávati, “roars”)…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *rowe/o-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reu-e/o- (“to run, hurry”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀρούω (oroúō, “to hurry”), Middle Irish rúathar (“assault”)…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *rowos- (“open space, land”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *Hreu-os (“open space, field”); the nominative *rowos became *rūos and then rūs. Wiktionary takes…

It is from Latin rūs (“the country”) + -ticus. De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *rowes-tiko-, from ⟨*rowos⟩ “open space, land”, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewos (“open space, field”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σάκκος (sákkos, “coarse haircloth; sack, bag”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sakro-dōt- (“who has sacred endowments”), a compound of sacer “sacred” and dōs “gift, dowry”, from Proto-Indo-European *-deh₃-t- (“gift”). Older works, followed by…

It is from Latin sacer (“sacred”) + legō (“to gather, steal”), from the phrase ⟨sacra legere⟩ “to steal sacred things”. An inscription has ⟨sacrilogos⟩.

It is from Latin sacer (“sacred”), its neuter, used as a noun. De Vaan traces ⟨sacer⟩ to Proto-Italic *sakro- (“sacred”), from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂k-ro- (“sacred”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sai-tlo-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂i-tlo- (“lifespan”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *seh₂i- (“to bind”). Cognate with Welsh hoedl (“lifespan”)…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *saitā-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂i-to- (“cord”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂i- (“to bind”). Schrijver doubts the link between “bind” and “hair”…

1. It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sal-je- (“to jump”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂l-ie/o- (“to jump”). The LIV derives it from *sl̥-yé- of the root *sel-, but de Vaan notes that…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *salik-. Italo-Celtic *salik- may reflect Proto-Indo-European *slH-ik- or *sh₂l-ik-, but the change of suffix and the limited spread point to a borrowing from a…

It is from Latin sallō (“to salt”), its perfect participle, from an earlier *saldō, with *sald-tos becoming *salssos. ⟨Sallō⟩ is from sāl “salt”.

It is the frequentative from Latin saliō (“to leap”) + -tō. De Vaan traces ⟨saliō⟩ to Proto-Italic *sal-je- (“to jump”), Proto-Indo-European *sh₂l-ye/o- (“to jump”), cognate with Ancient Greek…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *salūts, related to salvus “safe, whole”. De Vaan notes that salūs presupposes a verb *saluere with a participle *salūtos, from a u-stem *salu-, while salvus points…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sankiō, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k- (“to sanctify, make a treaty”). The OLD compares sacer “sacred”, and Gaffiot also the god's name Sancus. Old forms include…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sangʷen-, and its first part probably continues the oblique stem Proto-Indo-European *h₁sh₂-én- of Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”). The rest is…

It is from Latin sānus (“healthy, sane”) + -tās. De Vaan reconstructs ⟨sānus⟩ as Proto-Italic *sāno-, mechanically Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-no-, and suggests it may be from a root “to tie” (“in…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sāno-, mechanically Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-no-. It might come from the root *seh₂- “to tie”, as “in place, in order”, or from *sh₂- “to satisfy” of satis…

Its origin is uncertain. The OLD calls it probably Etruscan, and Wiktionary names borrowed from Etruscan 𐌆𐌀𐌕𐌋𐌀𐌈 (zatlaθ, “follower, guard”) as one possibility. Other proposals in Wiktionary connect…

It is a compound from Latin satis (“enough”) + faciō (“to do, make”). De Vaan traces ⟨satis⟩ to Proto-Italic *sati- (“satiation, satisfaction”), from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂-ti- (“satiation”).

It is from Latin serō (“to sow”) + -tor. De Vaan traces ⟨serō⟩ to Proto-Italic *si-se/o- (“to sow”), from Proto-Indo-European *si-sh₁-e/o- (“to sow”), with the participle ⟨satus⟩ from ⟨*sh₁-to-⟩.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *saturo- (“well-fed”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate”), the root of satis “enough”. The form ⟨satur⟩ is presumably syncopated from earlier…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σκηνή (skēnḗ, “tent, stage”). The OLD puts the vowel change down to Etruscan, while Wiktionary sees the ⟨ae⟩ as a hypercorrection against the merging of /ae/ with…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *skaiwo-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *skeh₂-i-wo- (“shaded; left”). Cognate with Ancient Greek σκαιός (skaiós, “left; awkward”). Following Steinbauer, de…

It is from Latin sciō (“to know”) + -scō, an inchoative verb. De Vaan traces ⟨sciō⟩ to Proto-Italic *skije/o- (“to know”), from Proto-Indo-European *skh₁-i- (“to incise”), and thinks ⟨sciō⟩ is…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *skort-o-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sk(o)rt-o- (“what is cut”), from the root *(s)ker- “to cut”, so “skin, hide”. cortex “bark” and corium “hide” come…

It is from Latin scrībō (“to write”) + -a, an agent noun. Scrībō is *skreif-e/o- (“to carve”), from Proto-Indo-European *skreibʰ-e/o- (“to carve”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *skrof-i-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *skrobʰ-i- (“hollow, pit”). Cognate with Russian скрести (skrestí, “to scratch”), Lithuanian skrebė́ti (“to rattle”)…

Its origin is uncertain. De Vaan takes it as a non-Roman dialect form Proto-Italic *skrof-ā- (“scratcher, digger”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *skrobʰ- of scrobis “ditch”, since pigs are…

It is from Latin scūtum (“shield”) + -ārius.

Its origin is unclear. A link with scūtum “shield” seems possible, since an upturned shield could serve as a dish, but a suffix -ra would be an unusual way to form a noun from it, so de Vaan thinks…

Its origin is uncertain; the OLD calls it doubtful, and de Vaan gives it no etymology, according to Etymonline. Wiktionary and Köbler derive it from Proto-Indo-European *seyb- (“to pour out, drip”)…

1. It is from Latin seco (“to cut”) + -tor. 2. The verb is a frequentative from Latin sequor (“to follow”), formed on its old participle, Proto-Italic *sekʷtos, as a deponent.

It is related to secō “to cut”, from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”). Wiktionary compares Proto-Slavic *sekyra (“axe”). The accusative is usually ⟨secūrim⟩, sometimes ⟨secūrem⟩, as in Cicero…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sedlā (“seat”), from the root of sedeō “to sit”, Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”), with the suffix ⟨*-lā⟩; ⟨*-dl-⟩ became /ll/. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἕλλα…