sanitas

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [ˈsaː.nɪ.taːs]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsaː.ni.tas]^[1]

Forms

sānitās f (genitive sānitātis); third declension^[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin sānus (“healthy, sane”) + -tās.^[2][1] De Vaan reconstructs ⟨sānus⟩ as Proto-Italic *sāno-, mechanically Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-no-, and suggests it may be from a root “to tie” (“in place, in order”) or from the root “to satisfy” of satis.^[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citation is Plautus, of health.^[2] Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^[4]

Semantic evolution

It meant healthy condition, health of body; from Cicero soundness of mind, sanity, good sense, as in ad sānitātem redīre “to come to one's senses”; and in rhetoric the soundness of a style free of faults.^[2][5]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it means soundness, health, sanity, and Medieval Latin used it for a miraculous cure.^[6][7] English sanity (early 15th century, first “health”) is from it, and it survives as French santé, Italian sanità and Romanian sănătate.^[8][1]

Timeline

• c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of health.^[2][4]
• 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of soundness of mind and of style.^[2][4]
• early 15th century – English sanity is recorded.^[8]

Meanings

Noun

1. Health, soundness of body.^[2][9]
2. Sanity, good sense.^[2]
3. (rhetoric) Soundness of style.^[2]
4. (Medieval Latin) A miraculous cure.^[7]

Word family

• *sānitōsus

Related words

• sānus
• sānō
• English sanity

Usage notes

Isidore of Seville explained sānitās as the wholeness of the body, named “as if from the state of the blood” (sanguis).^[10]

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
4. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
5. ^ Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
6. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
7. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
8. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
9. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
10. ^ Isidore of Seville, Etymologiarum sive Originum libri XX, ed. W. M. Lindsay (Oxford, 1911).