Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is from Latin in- (“not”) and an unattested *columis or *calamis “damaged”, related to calamitās “loss, damage”. Schrijver explains the vowel ⟨o⟩ instead of the expected ⟨i⟩ by the influence of a…

It is from Latin in- + crēdibilis (“believable”), with the negative prefix and crēdibilis, from crēdō “to believe”.

It is from Latin in- + cūnābula (“cradle”), from cūnae “cradle”.

It is from Latin indicō (“to point out, put a price on”) + -tiō. ⟨indicō⟩ is from in- and dicō (“to proclaim, dedicate”).

It is from Latin index (“informer, pointer”) + -ium, ⟨index⟩ being from indicō “to point out”.

1. It is from Latin in- (“in, on”) + dicō (“to proclaim”), a first-conjugation verb beside the third-conjugation ⟨dīcere⟩ “to say”; index “informer, pointer” belongs to the same group. 2. The verb…

It is from Latin indu- (“in”) + egeō (“to lack”).

It is from Latin in- (“in, on”) + dūcō (“to lead”). Some inscriptions spell it ⟨indouc-⟩.

It is formed from Latin indu- (“in”) + *uō (“to put on”), a verb also seen in exuō. The TLL reconstructs ⟨*ind-ovō⟩ and compares induviae, Umbrian ⟨anovihimu⟩ “let him put on” and Lithuanian ⟨aũti⟩…

It is from Latin industrius (“active, diligent”), its feminine used as a noun, perhaps with opera “work” understood. De Vaan derives industrius from *endo-struwo-, built on struō “to build…

It is apparently from Latin indu (“in, within”) + struō (“to build”) + -ius, ⟨indu⟩ being the archaic prefix: Festus records an archaic form indostruus. Lewis and Short explain it as “building…

It is from Latin īnfāmis (“infamous”) + -ia; ⟨īnfāmis⟩ is from in- “not” and fāma “reputation”.

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + fāma (“reputation”) + -is.

It is from Latin īnferus (“below”), its comparative.

It is from Latin in- (“in, into”) + ferō (“to carry”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *enþero- (“lower”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰero- (“lower”). The /f/ is irregular inside a word, and is explained either as a dialectal form, as…

It is from Latin in- (“in”) + faciō (“to do, make”), literally “to put in”.

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + fidēlis (“faithful”).

It is the superlative of īnferus “lower”, inherited from Proto-Italic *enðemos, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰm̥Hó- (“lowest”), from *n̥dʰér (“below”). The other superlative is īmus.

It is from ⟨*īnfitiae⟩ “denial”, seen in īnfitiās ⟨īre⟩ “to deny”, with -or, from Latin in- (“not”) + fateor (“to admit”), with the root of the verb. De Vaan has ⟨īnfitiās īre⟩ from Plautus among…

It is from Latin in- + flō (“to blow”).

Its origin is disputed. The traditional view, kept by Lewis & Short and Köbler, takes it as in- “not” and gēns “kind”, “beyond its kind”. De Vaan follows Muller's proposal of Proto-Italic *mgant-…

It is from Latin in- (“in”) + gignō (“to beget”) + -uus, with the root of the verb, perhaps through ⟨*genowos⟩.

It is from Latin in- + habeō (“to have, hold”), with the vowel weakened to /i/. De Vaan traces ⟨habeō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European ⟨*gʰh₁bʰ-⟩ “to take”, with Oscan pruhipid (“would prevent”) formed like…

It is from Latin in- (“in, on”) + iaciō (“to throw”), with the vowel of the stem weakened to ⟨i⟩ in the compound.

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + amīcus (“friendly, friend”). Amīcus is from amō “to love”.

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + iūs (“law, right”) + -ia, or from the adjective iniūrius “unjust”. Iūs is *jowos (“oath, law”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European *h₂oi-u (“vital…

The origin is uncertain. The OLD analyses it as in- (“in, on”) and a verb *quinō, apparently related to caenum “mud, filth” and cūniō “to defecate”, from which Festus derived it. Pokorny connects it…

It is from Latin īnsānus (“mad”) + -ia, ⟨īnsānus⟩ being from in- “not” and sānus “sound, healthy”.

It is from Latin in- + sānus (“healthy, sound”), the negative prefix. Cicero remarks that the first syllable is long in ⟨īnsānus⟩, as in other compounds with ⟨in-⟩ before ⟨s⟩.

It is from Latin in- (“on”) + sistō (“to stand, set”).

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + sōns (“guilty”). De Vaan traces ⟨sōns⟩ to Proto-Italic ⟨*sont-⟩ “being”, the old participle of “to be”, Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-s (“existing, real”), cognate with…

It is from Latin in- (“in, on”) + statuō (“to set up”), with the vowel weakened to ⟨i⟩.

It is from Latin in- (“on, after”) + stō (“to stand”), developing from “to stand behind” to “to pursue, be imminent” and “to press, urge”. Its perfect forms cannot be told from those of īnsistō.

It is most likely from Latin inter- (“between”) + legō (“to gather, choose”), as “to choose between, discern”. Another view takes the second part from an unrelated Proto-Italic *legō “to care”. The…

It is from Latin inter- (“between”) + dīcō (“to say”): literally to speak in between, interpose.

It is from Latin inter- + emō (“to take”), “to take away from among”. De Vaan traces ⟨emō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *h₁em- (“to take”).

It is from Latin inter- (“between”) + mittō (“to send, let go”).

It is a compound from Latin inter (“between”), but the second part is unexplained. Walde and Hofmann took it as a back-formation from interpretor “to fix the value between”, from pretium “price”…

It is from Latin interpres (“agent, interpreter”) + -or, the verb suffix. An active ⟨interpretō⟩ is also found, and Lucretius splits it by tmesis, ⟨inter quaecumque pretantur⟩.

It is from Latin inter- + trahō (“to drag”). De Vaan reconstructs ⟨trahō⟩ as Proto-Italic *traxe/o-.

It is from Latin interveniō (“to come between, intervene”) + -tus, the action-noun suffix. De Vaan traces ⟨veniō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *gʷm̥-yé- (“to come”).

It is from Latin in- + -timus, the superlative suffix, serving as the superlative of interior. Wiktionary traces it to Proto-Indo-European *h₁éntm̥mos (“innermost”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én…

It is from Latin in- + trīcae (“trifles, perplexities”) + -ō, the verbal suffix. The TLL compares extrīcō and trīcor.

1. The adverb is formed from Latin in + -ter + -ō. Wiktionary derives it from an earlier ⟨*interus⟩, the source of interior, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁énteros (“inner”); it is a doublet of intrā…

It is from Latin intrō (“inside”) + dūcō (“to lead”); manuscripts sometimes split it as ⟨intrō dūcō⟩.

It is from Latin intrō (“inwards”) + mittō (“to send”).

It is from Latin in- (“upon”) + veniō (“to come”), so “to come upon”. Pomponius has an old future ⟨invenībit⟩ for ⟨inveniet⟩.

It is from Latin in- (“into”) + vestīgō (“to track”).

It is from Latin in- + videō (“to see”). Wiktionary explains that the meaning went from “look at” to “look askance at” to “envy”. Lewis and Short compare Ancient Greek βασκαίνω (baskaínō, “to…

It is from Latin invidus (“envious”) + -ia, from invideō (“to look askance at, envy”), a compound of in- and videō (“to see”). De Vaan traces ⟨videō⟩ to Proto-Italic *wid-ē-, Proto-Indo-European…

Its origin is uncertain. De Vaan posits a verb Proto-Italic *wītā-je/o- (“to pursue”), from Proto-Indo-European *wih₁-to- (“pursued”), prefixed with in-, the same root as invītus “unwilling”. Job…

De Vaan explains it as a verb from in- and a participle from Proto-Italic *rīto- (“stirred”), Proto-Indo-European *h₃riH-to- (“whirled, stirred”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to…

It is related to ita “thus” and itidem “in the same way”. Lewis & Short analyse it as the pronoun stem i- of is with an accusative ending, as in tam, and compare Sanskrit इत्थम् (itthám, “thus”)…

It is from Latin iuvō (“to help, delight”) + -cundus, through ⟨*iuwicondos⟩.

It is from Latin iūdex (“judge”) + -ium.

It is from Latin iūdex (“judge”) + -ō, the verbal suffix. Iūdex is a compound of iūs “law” and the root of dīcō “to say”. Some early inscriptions spell it ⟨ioud-⟩.

Its origin is disputed. It was traditionally derived from iugum “yoke” and iungō “to join”, “joined together”, as the OLD still does. Weiss rejected this, since the meaning is “continual” from the…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *joiniko-, with the suffix *-ko- on a stem *ioini-, through *ioinko- and *iūnko-. De Vaan says the stem looks non-Indo-European. Cognate with Middle Irish aín…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *jung-e/o-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(H)iu-n-g- (“to yoke”), a nasal present of the root *yewg- (“to yoke, join”), made thematic in Latin. From the same…