Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπιστολή (epistolḗ, “message, letter”). It is also spelled ⟨epistola⟩, as often in Cicero's manuscripts and in ante- and post-classical Latin. Etymonline derives…

It is from Latin equus (“horse”), its feminine. De Vaan traces ⟨equus⟩ to Proto-Italic *ekwo-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”). The Thesaurus compares Sanskrit अश्वा (áśvā, “mare”).

It is from Latin errātus, its neuter, perfect participle of errō “to wander, err”, used as a noun. De Vaan traces ⟨errō⟩ to Proto-Italic *ers-āje-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ers- (“erring”).

It is from Latin errō (“to wander, err”) + -or.

It is from Latin ex- + veniō (“to come”). Ennius, Plautus and Pomponius have subjunctives ⟨ēvenat⟩, ⟨ēvenant⟩ for ⟨ēveniat⟩, ⟨ēveniant⟩, and the manuscripts sometimes confuse the two forms.

It is from Latin ēveniō (“to come out, happen”) + -tus, the suffix of action nouns. The OLD notes datives ⟨ēventū⟩, ⟨ēventuī⟩ and ⟨ēventō⟩, the last in inscriptions.

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + vocō (“to call”).

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + agō (“to drive”) + -men, through *exagmen, related to exigō “to drive out, weigh”. Some manuscripts of Virgil have the spelling ⟨exag-⟩.

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + cēdō (“to go, withdraw”). Terence has the syncopated ⟨excessis⟩.

It is from Latin ex- + capiō (“to take”). Inscriptions spell it ⟨esc-⟩ and ⟨exsc-⟩.

It is from Latin ex- + claudō (“to shut”). Terence has the shortened perfect ⟨exclusti⟩ for ⟨exclusisti⟩, and Varro the spelling ⟨escl-⟩.

It is from Latin ex- (“out of”) + causa (“cause, case”) + -ō, the verb suffix, as if “to release from a charge”.

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + quatiō (“to shake”). De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *kwat-i- for ⟨quatiō⟩, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kwot-.

It is from Latin eximō (“to take out”), as if *ex-em-lom, “something taken out” as a sample. The ⟨p⟩ arose between ⟨m⟩ and ⟨l⟩, as perhaps in amplus. Leumann thinks the voiceless ⟨p⟩ unusual and…

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + eō (“to go”). De Vaan traces ⟨eō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”).

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + arceō (“to enclose, keep off”), as Cassiodorus already said. Lewis and Short take its first sense as to drive on, keep at work.

It is from Latin ex- + habeō (“to have, hold”), so literally “to hold out”. It is often written without the ⟨h⟩, as ⟨exibeō⟩. Etymonline traces ⟨habeō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *gʰabʰ- (“to give or…

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + agō (“to drive”). Inscriptions have ⟨exs-⟩.

It is probably from ⟨*ex-ag-lis⟩, from Latin ex- + agō, with the root of the verb, as in exigō “to drive out; to weigh exactly”. Wiktionary suggests instead ⟨ex-⟩ and īle “groin, flank”.

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + emō (“to take, buy”), like adimō and dēmō.

It is from Latin ex- + ōrdior (“to begin, lay the warp”). De Vaan connects ⟨ōrdior⟩ with Proto-Italic *ord-i- (“row, arrangement”).

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + pendō (“to weigh, pay”). The verb pendō is from Proto-Italic *pend-e/o- (“to hang, weigh”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend-, a root most handbooks regard as a…

It is from Latin ex- and a verb *perior, found also in opperior “to wait for”; compare perīculum “trial, danger”, perītus “experienced” and Ancient Greek πεῖρα (peîra, “trial, attempt”). Wiktionary…

It is from Latin ex- (“out, completely”) + pleō (“to fill”).

It is from Latin ex- + plicō (“to fold”). Etymonline traces ⟨plicāre⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to plait”).

It is from Latin explōrō (“to search out, reconnoitre”) + -tor, the agent suffix; ⟨explōrō⟩ is from ex- and plōrō “to cry out”, said to be first a hunters' word for raising game with shouts.

It is perhaps from Latin ex- + plōrō (“to cry out, wail”). Paulus' epitome of Festus says the ancients used ⟨explōrāre⟩ for ⟨exclāmāre⟩ “to cry out”. Wiktionary suggests the first meaning was to…

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + pōnō (“to put”).

It is from Latin ex- + premō (“to press”). Some late medical writers have ⟨expremō⟩, perhaps a recomposition.

It is from Latin ex- + spectō (“to look at”). Spectō is the frequentative of speciō “to see”, from Proto-Italic *spekje/o-, Proto-Indo-European *speḱ-ie/o- (“to look”). It is also spelled expectō.

It is from Latin ex- + struō (“to pile up, build”).

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + tendō (“to stretch”). Both participles, extentus and extēnsus, occur.

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + trahō (“to drag”).

It is from Latin ex- + trīcae (“trifles, hindrances”) + -ō.

It is from Latin faber (“craftsman, smith”) + -ca, ⟨-cus⟩, and Wiktionary takes it from an adjective ⟨*fabricus⟩ used with officīna “workshop” and ars “art”. De Vaan traces ⟨faber⟩ to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin facētus (“witty, elegant”) + -ia. Etymonline calls facētus of unknown origin, perhaps related to facis “torch”, which de Vaan considers morphologically difficult.

The origin is doubtful. The ancients derived it from faciō “to make”, while modern scholars connect it with fax “torch”, or with Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰweh₂k- (“to shine”), as in Lithuanian žvakė…

It is from Latin faciō (“to do, make”) + -ilis, so “that can be done”. Faciō goes back to Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁-k- (“to make”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put”). Old Latin had a short…

It is from Latin factus (“made”) + -īcius, ⟨factus⟩ being the participle of faciō, and is also spelled ⟨factītius⟩.

It is from Latin faciō (“to make, do”) + -tiō. Paulus' epitome of Festus says ⟨factiō⟩ and ⟨factiōsus⟩ were at first honourable words.

It is from Latin faciō (“to make, do”) + -tor, an agent noun. Faciō continues Proto-Italic *fakjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place”).

1. The adjective is from Latin faciō (“to make, do”), its perfect passive participle. De Vaan traces ⟨faciō⟩ to Proto-Italic *fak-i-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁-k- (“to make”), an extension of…

It is from Latin fārī (“to speak”) + -cundus, on the root ⟨fā-⟩. De Vaan derives ⟨fārī⟩ from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”) and calls the origin of the suffix in ⟨fācundus⟩ uncertain.

It is from Latin fallāx (“deceitful”) + -ia, ⟨fallāx⟩ being from fallō “to deceive”.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *fal-s-e/o-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sgʷʰh₂(e)l-n- (“to stumble”). Cognate with Sanskrit स्खलति (skhalate, “stumbles, fails”), Ancient Greek σφάλλω…

It is from Latin familia (“household”) + -āris. Etymonline calls it a dissimilation of *familiālis. Its ablative singular is usually ⟨familiārī⟩, but Rutilius Rufus and Sulpicius Rufus have…

It is from Latin fāma (“talk, report, fame”) + -ōsus.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *famelos (“slave”). Rix explains *famelo- as a back-formation from *famelia “household”, the feminine of an adjective “basic, of the house”, perhaps from…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *fasno- (“temple”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁s-no- (“consecrated place”), a derivative of the root seen in fēriae “holidays” and fēstus “festive”. Cognate with…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *fat-ē-, which de Vaan derives from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-to- (“spoken”) and/or ⟨*-bʰh₂-t-⟩ “who speaks”, from the root of fārī “to speak”. Cognate with Oscan…

It is from Latin fātus, its neuter, ⟨fātus⟩ being the participle of for “to speak”, in a passive sense, “what has been spoken”. Isidore says ⟨fātum⟩ is whatever the gods speak, whatever Jupiter…

Its origin is unknown. Isidore derived it from pouring out voices or from for “to speak”.

It is from ⟨*favestos⟩, with syncope, an adjective in ⟨-tus⟩ formed from an s-stem noun from Latin faveō (“to favour”), on the root.

It is from Latin faveō (“to favour”) + -tor, contracted from ⟨favitor⟩. De Vaan reconstructs ⟨faveō⟩ as Proto-Italic *faw-ē-, Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂w-eh₁- (“to be favourable to”), cognate with…

The origin is unknown. The OLD marks it doubtful.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *fwak(w)-(ē-), of uncertain origin. De Vaan considers a Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwok-, with /o/ unrounded to /a/, which would make it cognate with Lithuanian žvãkė…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *feɣʷris, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ-ri-s, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn, warm”), according to Wiktionary and Köbler. It is related to foveō “to…

It is formed from Latin fētus + -cundus (from the stem of ⟨fētus⟩). De Vaan counts seven Latin adjectives with this suffix (secundus, fācundus, iūcundus, rubicundus ...), and suggests the type…

The origin is uncertain. The closest cognates meaning “bile”, Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”), Latvian žults (“bile”), Old Church Slavonic зълчь (zlŭčĭ, “bile”) and Old High German galla…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *fēl(w)ī- (“suckling, with young”), with ⟨-c-⟩ added in Latin, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-l(u)-i-, from the root *dʰeh₁(y)- “to suck”. De Vaan explains the…