Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is from Latin con- + servō (“to save, keep”). Quintilian notes that the perfect infinitive ⟨cōnservāsse⟩ was more usual than ⟨cōnservāvisse⟩.

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + sistō (“to stand, set”).

It is from Latin con- + sōlor (“to comfort”).

It is from Latin con- + speciō (“to look”).

It is from Latin con- + statuō (“to set up”).

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + stō (“to stand”), from Proto-Italic *komstaēō. Its perfect forms cannot be told apart from those of cōnsistō.

It is from Latin con- + suēscō (“to become accustomed”).

The origin is doubtful. De Vaan derives it from Proto-Italic *kom-se/ol-e/o- (“to consult”), from com- and Proto-Indo-European *s(e)lh₁-e/o- (“to take”), and links it with cōnsul and cōnsilium…

It is from Latin cōnsulō (“to deliberate, consult”), its perfect passive participle. De Vaan traces ⟨cōnsulō⟩ to Proto-Italic *kom-sel-e/o- (“to consult”), from Proto-Indo-European *s(e)lh₁-e/o-…

The origin is uncertain. It is formally con- and temnō “to despise”, but de Vaan argues that ⟨temnō⟩ is a back-formation from ⟨contemnō⟩, which is attested much earlier. Wiktionary derives it from a…

It is from Latin con- + tendō (“to stretch”).

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + teneō (“to hold”). The verb teneō is from Proto-Italic *t(e)nē-, from Proto-Indo-European *tn-eh₁- (“to hold”), a stative present of Proto-Indo-European *ten-…

It is from Latin con- + tangō (“to touch”), with the vowel weakened to ⟨i⟩. The sense “to colour, moisten” was apparently influenced by tingō “to dip, dye”.

It is from Latin contineō (“to hold together”) + -uus.

It is contracted from coventiō, the form of the decree on the Bacchanals (186 BC), that is conventiō “a coming together”. De Vaan reconstructs inherited from Proto-Italic *ko(m)-wentiōn-, a remade…

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + trahō (“to draw”).

It is from Latin contrōversus (“turned against”) + -ia. Plautus, Terence and an inscription have the older ⟨contrōvorsia⟩, and another inscription ⟨contrāversia⟩.

It is probably a noun made from an adjective ⟨*contumēlis⟩ “insulting”, from a verb ⟨*contumē-⟩ “to insult”, best taken as from Latin tumeō (“to be swollen”), on the stem, through “boasting” and…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *komgʷəniō, by surface analysis con- “together” and veniō “to come”. Cognate with Oscan kumbened (“it was agreed”). Plautus has a future ⟨convenībō⟩, and Cato the…

The OLD derives it from Latin conveniō (“to come together, meet”) + -īcius, and Wiktionary from the noun conventus “assembly”. De Vaan traces ⟨veniō⟩ to Proto-Italic *gʷn̥-je/o- (“to come”), from…

It is from Latin con- + vertō (“to turn”). An older spelling is ⟨convortō⟩.

Its origin is disputed. The Roman jurists and Festus connected it with vōx “voice”, as a clamour of many voices, and the OLD and Lewis and Short follow them, but de Vaan thinks this impossible for…

It is from Latin con- + vincō (“to conquer”).

It is from Latin convīvō (“to live together, dine together”) + -a, the agent suffix, ⟨convīvō⟩ being from con- and vīvō (“to live”). De Vaan traces ⟨vīvō⟩ to Proto-Italic *gʷīwe/o- (“to live”), from…

It is from Latin convīvō (“to live together, dine together”) + -ium (or convīva “guest”), from con- and vīvō (“to live”). De Vaan traces ⟨vīvō⟩ to Proto-Italic *gʷīwe/o- (“to live”), from…

It is from Latin con- + operiō (“to cover”). A contracted form ⟨coperiō⟩ occurs in Cato, Lucretius and others.

It is from Latin cōps (“well supplied”) + -ia, ⟨cōps⟩ being from *co-ops, con- and ops “resources, power”.

It is a contraction of ⟨*coapula⟩, from Latin con- (“together”) + apiō (“to fasten”) + -ula. Köbler traces ⟨apiō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep- (“to seize”). A contracted ⟨copla⟩ is also found.

It is from Latin cōpula (“bond”) + -ō, the verb suffix. Lucretius has the contracted ⟨cōplāta⟩, and a deponent ⟨cōpulor⟩ is also found.

It is from Latin coquīnus (“of a cook”) + -ō, from the family of coquō “to cook”. De Vaan traces ⟨coquō⟩ to Proto-Italic *kʷekʷe/o- (“to cook”), Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ-e/o- (“to cook”), cognate…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *kʷekʷe/o- (“to cook”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ-e/o- (“to cook”), with /p/ assimilated to the following /kʷ/, as in quīnque. De Vaan explains the…

It is a compound from Latin co- (“with”) + ōs (“mouth, face”). De Vaan reports Walde and Hofmann's explanation from an adjective ⟨*co-ōs-o-⟩ “in front of the face”, which took the ending of its…

It is short for ⟨corbīta nāvis⟩, from ⟨*corbītus⟩, from Latin corbis (“basket”). De Vaan reconstructs ⟨corbis⟩ as Proto-Italic ⟨*k(o)rfi-⟩, perhaps cognate with Lithuanian karbas (“basket”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *korjo-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *kor-o- (“what is torn or peeled off”), from the root *(s)ker- “to cut”, hence “bark, skin”. Cognate with Sanskrit चर्मन्…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *kornīk- (“crow”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱor-n- (“crow, raven”), probably imitative of the bird's harsh call. Cognate with Umbrian curnaco (“crow”) and Ancient…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *kornu- (“horn”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥n-o- (“horn”). The length of its final vowel is uncertain; if it is long, it may continue an old dual…

It is from Latin con- + rumpō (“to break”): to break to pieces.

It is from Latin corrumpō (“to corrupt”) + -ēla; ⟨corrumpō⟩ is from con- and rumpō “to break”. De Vaan traces ⟨rumpō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *Hru-n-p- (“to break”).

It is from Latin corrumpō (“to corrupt”) + -tor, the agent suffix; ⟨corrumpō⟩ is from con- and rumpō “to break”.

Its origin is unknown. Walde and Hofmann and Pokorny connected curvus “curved”, from a participle *kr̥-to- “bent”, but de Vaan notes that no Indo-European verb forms support a root *(s)ker- “to…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *korwo-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ḱor(h₂)-uo- (“crow, raven”). Words for crow and raven with *kr- are found across Indo-European, so de Vaan considers…

It has been compared with Old Church Slavonic кость (kostĭ, “bone”), but de Vaan rejects the link: “bone” is os in Latin, and costa means “rib”, so he regards it as an isolated word without…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *koksednī-k-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *koḱse-dn-iH-, related to coxa “hip”. Pinault relates Tocharian A ⟨kapśañi⟩ and Tocharian B ⟨kektseñe⟩ “body”. The…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *krās, of uncertain origin. No PIE word for “tomorrow” can be reconstructed, but de Vaan suggests it may be an old genitive *ḱreh₂-(e)s of Proto-Indo-European…

Its origin is unknown. Walde and Hofmann and Pokorny derived it from a root *kert- “to twist”, through “tied together, clenched, thick”, which de Vaan calls gratuitous, and he rejects the comparison…

It is from Latin crās (“tomorrow”) + -tinus.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *krāti- (“wickerwork”). If from PIE, it must continue *Kreh₂-ti- or *KrH-ti-, but no fitting PIE root exists, and de Vaan considers a European substrate word…

It is an adverb from Latin crēber (“close, frequent”) + -ō.

It is from Latin crēdō (“to believe”) + -bilis.

The origin is uncertain. It was once explained as ⟨terra crēta⟩ “sifted earth”, from cernō, which de Vaan finds phonetically possible but semantically weak. Lewis and Short and Köbler take it from…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *kreiþro-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *krei-dʰro- (“sieve”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *krei- (“to sift, separate”) seen in cernō “to sift”, with…

It is probably from Latin cernō (“to sift, decide”) + -men, a noun of the root of cernere. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of cernō and reconstructs a neuter Proto-Indo-European *(-)krei-mn̥…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *krisni-, from Proto-Indo-European *kris-ni-, perhaps from a root *(s)kreys- “to shake”. De Vaan sees a Latin stem *kris- “crest, plume, hair” in it and in crista…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *krok-, an imitative word. De Vaan notes that most Indo-European languages have words in *k(V)r- for a creaking or croaking sound, formed independently and…

It is from Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody”) + -ēlis.

It is from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw flesh, blood”), the root of cruor “blood”, but its formation is disputed. De Vaan considers Proto-Italic *krowoþo-, from *kreuh₂-odʰ-o-, and mentions…

It is from Latin cubō (“to lie down”) + -culum, the instrumental suffix.

It is from Latin cubō (“to lie down”) + -īle.

It is usually from Latin cubō (“to lie down”) (from its root), since one reclined on the elbow at table, with a suffix as in digitus. De Vaan points out that the supposed outside cognates, Ancient…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *kubāō. Etymonline gives a possible Proto-Indo-European *kub-, and Wiktionary compares Welsh cysgu (“to sleep”), English hip and Ancient Greek κύβος (kúbos, “hollow…