Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *kleiwo-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱloy-wo- (“slope”) or *ḱley-wo- “sloping”, from the root *ḱley- “to lean”, as in -clīnāre. Cognate with Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅 (hlaiw…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *klu-ē- (“to be known”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”). Cognate with South Picene kduíú (“I am called”), Sanskrit श्रुत (śrutá, “heard…

It is a later form of caudex “tree trunk”, with the rustic change of /au/ to /ō/. Caudex is inherited from Proto-Italic *kaud-ek-, probably derived from cauda “tail”.

It is from Latin con- + gnātus (“born”), gnātus being the old form of nātus, the participle of nāscor “to be born”. Gnātus continues Proto-Italic *gnātos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós, from…

It is from Latin con- + nōscō (“to get to know”), from older gnōscō. nōscō is from Proto-Italic *gnāske-, Proto-Indo-European *ǵnh₃-sḱé- (“to get to know”); de Vaan explains the long vowel /oː/ as…

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + habeō (“to hold”).

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + lābor (“to slip, fall”).

It is from Latin com- + lēgō (“to appoint as deputy”), with the suffix -a. Varro explains colleagues as those “chosen together”, and the TLL compares lēx “law” as well.

It is from Latin collēga (“colleague”) + -ium + collēga is from con- and legō “to choose”.

1. It is from Latin con- (“together”) + legō (“to gather, collect”), with assimilation of ⟨n⟩ to ⟨l⟩. Legō goes back to Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to gather”). 2. The verb “to bind together” is a…

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + locō (“to place”), from locus “place”. Manuscripts write both ⟨conlocō⟩ and ⟨collocō⟩.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *kelōs- (“outside, aspect”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-ōs (“cover, covering”), an animate collective of an s-stem of Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to…

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan sets up Proto-Italic *kolos-ro- and suggests a link with colus “distaff”, the snake being a “distaff-like” animal that winds round itself, though the form is not…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *kelamen-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kelH-men- (“top, summit”). Cognate with Old Saxon holm (“hill”), Old English holm (“island”) and Old Norse holmr…

It was originally a collateral form from Latin columen (“top, summit, pillar”), related to celsus “high” and excellō, from the root Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, be prominent”). Quintilian…

De Vaan gives a form, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁-u- (“turning”), from the root of colō, though the origin is uncertain. It has been compared with Ancient Greek πόλος (pólos, “axis…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κωμικός (kōmikós, “of comedy”), from ⟨kōmōidía⟩ “comedy”.

It is from Latin con- + mandō (“to entrust”). Etymonline suggests com- is an intensive here.

The verb is a frequentative from Latin comminīscor (“to devise, contrive”) + -tō, and the noun is from the same verb with the agent suffix -tor.

It is from Latin commentus, its neuter, ⟨commentus⟩ being the past participle of comminīscor “to devise, invent”.

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + merx (“goods”) + -ium. An archaic form ⟨commircium⟩ is cited by a grammarian. Isidore of Seville derived it from ⟨merces⟩, goods for sale.

It is from Latin con- and an unattested ⟨miniscor⟩, seen also in reminīscor and related to meminī “to remember”. Wiktionary takes it from an inchoative form of Proto-Indo-European *mn̥yétor, from…

It is from Latin commūnis (“common, shared”) + -icō. Livy may have a deponent form.

1. The verb is from Latin con- + mūniō (“to fortify”). 2. The noun is from Latin commūnis (“common”) + -iō.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κωμῳδία (kōmōidía, “comedy”), related to κῶμος (kômos, “revel”). Varro discusses its origin from ⟨κῶμος⟩. Plautus has the old genitive ⟨cōmoediāī⟩, and Varro the…

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + pār (“equal”).

It is from Latin con- + pāreō (“to appear, be visible”). De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *pās-ē- for ⟨pāreō⟩, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-s- (“to watch”).

1. The verb “to prepare” is a compound of con- and parō “to prepare, make ready”. 2. It is from Latin compār (“equal, matched”) + -ō, the verbal suffix, ⟨compār⟩ being from con- and pār “equal”.

It is from Latin con- + pangō (“to fix, fasten”). De Vaan traces ⟨pangō⟩ to Proto-Italic *pang- (“to attach”), from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂-n-ǵ- (“to attach”).

It is from Latin con- + plectō (“to plait, twine”). An active form ⟨complectō⟩ is also found.

It is from Latin con- + pleō (“to fill”), a verb found only in compounds, as the grammarian Pompeius notes that nobody can say pleō. It is related to plēnus and Ancient Greek πίμπλημι (pímplēmi, “to…

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + pōnō (“to put, place”).

It is from Latin con- + prehendō (“to catch, grasp”). The contracted form comprendō is frequent.

It is from Latin con- (“wholly”) + probō (“to approve, prove”), from probus “good”. De Vaan traces ⟨probus⟩ to Proto-Italic *pro-f(w)-o- (“favourable”).

It is from Latin com- + putō (“to reckon”). The simple verb first meant “to prune, clean”, and then “to settle accounts, reckon”.

It is from Latin con- + cēdō (“to go, yield”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κόγχη (kónkhē, “mussel, cockle; shell-like cavity”). An archaic spelling conca appears in Cato.

It is probably from Latin com- + calō (“to call, summon”) + -ium, an assembly called together. The verb is from Proto-Italic *kela-, from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call”). The TLL notes that…

It is from Latin con- (“together, wholly”) + capiō (“to take”). Wiktionary takes it as a calque of Ancient Greek συλλαμβάνω (sullambánō, “to take together, conceive”). Inscriptions have ⟨cuncaptum⟩.

It is from Latin con- + clāvis (“key”), or from cum “with” and the ablative of clāvis. Festus explains the plural conclāvia as places that are locked with one key.

It is from Latin con- + claudō (“to shut”), with ⟨au⟩ weakened to ⟨ū⟩.

It is from Latin concumbō (“to lie with”) + -īna.

It is from Latin con- + calcō (“to tread”), from calx “heel”.

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + dīcō (“to say”).

It is from Latin condiō (“to season, pickle”) + -mentum.

It is probably from Latin condō (“to put away, store up”), used of storing food, remade as a fourth-conjugation verb by analogy with some other verb, which is not known. Wiktionary suggests it came…

It is from Latin condō (“to found, build”) + -tor, the agent suffix; ⟨condō⟩ is from con- and ⟨-dō⟩ “to put”.

It is from Latin com- + -do (“to put”), like abdō. The element -dō is Proto-Italic *-þō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place”).

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + dūcō (“to lead”).

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + nectō (“to tie, fasten”). Nectō goes back to Proto-Indo-European *ned- (“to bind”). Lewis and Short and Gaffiot prefer the spelling ⟨cōnectō⟩ to ⟨connectō⟩.

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + ferō (“to carry”).

It is from Latin con- + fīdō (“to trust”), the prefix perhaps intensive. Fīdō goes back to Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ- (“to trust”).

It is from Latin con- + firmō (“to strengthen”), from firmus “firm”. The TLL notes the old long ⟨ī⟩ of ⟨fīrmō⟩.

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + fluō (“to flow”). De Vaan traces ⟨fluō⟩ to Proto-Italic *flow-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH- (“to flow”).

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + iungō (“to join”), with the root also of iugum “yoke”. Its root is Proto-Indo-European ⟨*yewg-⟩ “to join”. The OLD and Wiktionary compare Ancient Greek σύζυγος…

It is from Proto-Italic *kneiχw-ē- (“to blink, draw the eyes together”) with con-, with the development *kom-kn- to ⟨cōn-⟩. The root is shared with Gothic 𐌷𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 (hneiwan, “to bow”) and Old High…

It is from Latin con- + scindō (“to cut, split”). De Vaan traces ⟨scindō⟩ to Proto-Italic *ski-n-d-e/o-, Proto-Indo-European *ski-n-d- (“to split, tear off”), cognate with Sanskrit छिनत्ति…

It is from Latin con- (“with”) + sciō (“to know”) + -us, with the root of the verb and the adjective suffix, or from cōnsciō “to be aware”. Etymonline suggests it may be a loan-translation of…

It is from Latin con- (“together”) + sentiō (“to feel, think”), literally “to feel together”. An early inscription has the form ⟨cosentiont⟩.

It is from Latin con- (“with, fully”) + sequor (“to follow”). Manuscripts have ⟨consequt-⟩ and ⟨consequut-⟩ forms.