Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is from Latin superstitiō (“superstition”) + -ōsus. De Vaan lists it, from Plautus on, beside superstes (“standing by, surviving”) among the derivatives of stō (“to stand”).

It is formed from Latin super- (“above, over”) + sum (“to be”). super goes back to Proto-Italic *super and Proto-Indo-European *upér (“over, above”), with an added ⟨s-⟩ as in sub; sum goes back to…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *supīno- (“upwards”), an adjective in ⟨-īnus⟩ from the old sense “upwards” of sub (“under”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)upo (“up, from below”). De…

1. The garment's name is of doubtful origin. Varro reports that it was an Oscan word, and the OLD, Lewis & Short and Wiktionary take it to be perhaps from Oscan on that evidence. Varro also relates…

The origin is uncertain. The OLD takes it apparently from sub- (“under”) and pēs (“foot”), with the plural ⟨pedes⟩ “foot soldiers”, and the verb suffix -ō, first a military metaphor like subministrō…

It is from Latin suppetō (“to be at hand”) + -ia. suppetō is a compound of sub- and petō (“to make for, seek”).

It is from Latin sub- + petō (“to make for, seek”). The verb petō goes back to Proto-Italic *pet-e/o-; Wiktionary traces it to Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to fly”). De Vaan notes that the sense…

It is formed from Latin supplicō (“to entreat, pray”) + -tiō. The verb comes from supplex (“suppliant”), which de Vaan explains from ⟨*sub-plVk-⟩, a root noun of the family of plicō (“to fold”)…

It is formed from Latin supplex + -ium, from the adjective “kneeling, suppliant”; Lewis and Short take it to mean first a kneeling down, either to beg or to receive punishment.

It is formed from Latin supplex (“kneeling, suppliant”). De Vaan places the adjective with plectō (“to plait”) and the verbs in -plicō, from ⟨*sub-plVk-⟩ “to bend upwards, beg”, but notes that it…

It is formed from Latin suppōnō + -tiō.

It is from Latin sub- + premō (“to press”). De Vaan derives ⟨premō⟩ from Proto-Italic *pres- and Proto-Indo-European *pr-es- (“to press”), perhaps an ⟨s⟩-present to a root meaning “to hit”, which he…

The origin is uncertain. The OLD and Wiktionary compare Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “part of a sacrificial victim”). De Vaan considers a link with sūrus (“post, stake”) if that word had a long vowel…

The origin is uncertain. Walde–Hofmann and Pokorny connect it with Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to sound, whir”), but de Vaan objects that this leaves the meaning unexplained, since the adjective…

It is from Latin sub- + rapiō (“to seize, snatch”). De Vaan traces rapiō to Proto-Italic *rap-i- (“to seize”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥p-i- (“to seize”), comparing Ancient Greek ἐρέπτομαι…

The OLD and de Vaan take it as from Latin sub- + cēnseō (“to assess, judge”). De Vaan traces cēnseō to Proto-Italic *knsē- (“to estimate”) and Proto-Indo-European *ḱns-eh₁- (“to announce”). Lewis &…

It is formed from Latin sub- + capiō (“to take”), with ⟨sus-⟩ for ⟨subs-⟩, “to take up from below”. De Vaan traces capiō to Proto-Italic *kapi- (“to seize”).

It is from Latin sub- (“up from under”) + citō (“to set in motion”). De Vaan explains citō as the frequentative that replaced the old verb cieō (“to stir, move”), which goes back to a participle…

It is from Latin suspendō (“to hang up”) + -ium. That verb is a compound of sub- (“under”) and pendō (“to hang”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *pend-e/o- (“to hang”).

It belongs with the verb suspiciō (“to look up at”), from sub- (“under, from below”) and speciō (“to look”); de Vaan lists it among the derivatives of the simple verb. Wiktionary suggests it was…

It is from Latin suspīrō (“to sigh”) + -ium. That verb is a compound of sub- and spīrō (“to breathe”), for which de Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *spīr/s-, possibly an imitation of the sound of…

It is the frequentative from Latin sustineō (“to hold up”) + -tō. The base is teneō (“to hold”) with the prefix subs- (“up from under”); de Vaan derives ⟨teneō⟩ from Proto-Italic *t(e)nē- (“to…

It is from Latin subs- (“up from under”) + tollō (“to lift”), with the form ⟨subs-⟩ of the prefix sub-. De Vaan traces the simple verb to the present Proto-Italic *tolna/o- and the nasal present…

It is an onomatopoeic word: its reduplication, hissing /s/ and doubled /r/ imitate the sound of whispering and rustling. De Vaan allows that it may still be built on Proto-Indo-European *suer- (“to…

It is from Latin suō (“to sew”) + -tor. De Vaan traces suō to Proto-Italic *s(j)ūje/o- and Proto-Indo-European *siuH-ie/o- (“to sew”), cognate with Sanskrit सीव्य- (sī́vya-, “to sew”) and Lithuanian…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek συκοφαντία (sukophantía, “trickery”), a noun from συκοφάντης (sukophántēs, “slanderer”). That Greek word is a compound of σῦκον (sûkon, “fig”) and φαίνω (phaínō…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek συλλαβή (sullabḗ, “syllable; a gathering together”). Köbler connects the Greek noun with συλλαμβάνω (sullambánō, “to gather together”) and σύν (sún, “together”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “token, sign”). Etymonline explains the Greek word as “that which is thrown together”, from σύν (sún, “together”) and βολή (bolḗ, “a throw”)…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “token”) or its masculine σύμβολος (súmbolos), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “to throw together”), a compound of σύν (sún, “together”) and βάλλω…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σύγγραφος (súngraphos, “written document, contract”). Köbler connects the Greek noun with συγγράφω (sungráphō, “to write down, compose”), from σύν (sún, “together”)…

It is the diminutive from Latin tabula (“board, tablet”) + -ella. The origin of ⟨tabula⟩ is uncertain: de Vaan sets up Proto-Italic *taf/þlā- (“board”) and, following Southern, a root ⟨*teh₂-⟩ “to…

It is formed from Latin tābeō (“to waste away”), on the stem, which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *tāf-ē- (“to be melting”) and Proto-Indo-European *teh₂-bʰ-eh₁- (“to be melting”). He compares…

It is from Latin tacitus (“silent”) + -ē. The adjective is the participle of taceō (“to be silent”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *tak-ē- (“to be silent”) and Proto-Indo-European *tHk-eh₁-…

It is from Latin taciturnus (“silent, taciturn”) + -tās. taciturnus is formed from taceō (“to be silent”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *tak-ē- (“to be silent”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin tacitus (“silent”) + -urnus. tacitus is the participle of taceō (“to be silent”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *tak-ē- and Proto-Indo-European *tHk-eh₁- (“to be silent”)…

It is from Latin taceō (“to be silent”), its past participle, used as an adjective. De Vaan derives taceō from Proto-Italic *tak-ē- (“to be silent”), from Proto-Indo-European *tHk-eh₁-; Umbrian…

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan puts it with taedet (“it wearies, disgusts”): it may regularly reflect Proto-Italic *taid-ro-, but there is no good etymology for the stem ⟨*taid-⟩.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek τάλαντον (tálanton, “balance; a weight; a talent”). The Greek word is traced to Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“to lift, bear, weigh”).

It is from Latin tam (“so”) + diū (“long”). De Vaan derives tam from Proto-Italic *tām (“so”) and Proto-Indo-European *teh₂m, and diū from the old locative of the word for “day”, Proto-Indo-European…

The OLD derives it from Latin tam (“so”) + etsī (“even if”). Lewis and Short take it as contracted from tamen (“yet”) and ⟨etsī⟩, which is often written in full, as ⟨tamenetsī⟩ in Plautus. Köbler…

It is from Latin tantus (“so great”) + -per (“through, for”), originally a phrase of the ablative plural ⟨tantīs⟩ with ⟨-per⟩ placed after it. De Vaan explains the suffix ⟨-per⟩, which marks…

It is from Latin tantus (“so great”), its ablative singular neuter, used as an adverb. De Vaan derives tantus from Proto-Italic *tānto- and Proto-Indo-European *teh₂-nt-o-, an adjective of a…

It is from Latin tantus (“so great”) + opus (“work, effort”), fused from the ablative phrase ⟨tantō opere⟩, literally “with so much effort”. opus goes back to Proto-Italic *opes- (“work”) and…

It is from Latin tantus (“so great”), its neuter, used as a noun and as an adverbial accusative. De Vaan derives ⟨tantus⟩ from Proto-Italic *tānto- (“so great”), from Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin tantus (“so great”) + -dem, with the suffix of īdem. Wiktionary explains the ⟨n⟩ as the ⟨m⟩ of tantum assimilated to the following ⟨d⟩.

It is a verb from Latin tardus (“slow”). De Vaan lists it under ⟨tardus⟩, which he says has no etymology: Walde's comparison with Ancient Greek τέρυ (téru, “weak”) and Sanskrit तरुण (táruṇa-…

The suffix is inherited from Proto-Italic *-tāts, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts. Fortson gives it as *-tāt-, probably from earlier *-teh₂-t-, a compound suffix making feminine…

It is from Latin taurus (“bull”) + -īnus. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of taurus, which goes back to Proto-Italic *tauro- (“bull”); that noun is cognate with Ancient Greek ταῦρος (taûros…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek τέχνη (tékhnē, “craft, skill; cunning, wile”).

It is from Latin tegō (“to cover”) + -tōrius; Wiktionary analyses it as tēctor (“plasterer”) with -ius. The verb goes back to Proto-Italic *teg-e/o- (“to cover”) and Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg-e/o-…

It is formed from Latin temere (“blindly, by chance, rashly”) + -ārius. De Vaan explains ⟨temere⟩ as a fossilised locative of a noun ⟨*temes-⟩ “darkness”, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-os-…

It is a fossilised locative, inherited from Proto-Italic *temezi (“in darkness, blindly”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”), so first “in the dark”. The same root is in…

It is formed from Latin temere (“blindly, rashly”) + -tās. De Vaan explains temere as a frozen locative of a noun ⟨*temes-⟩ “darkness”, from Proto-Italic *temesi and Proto-Indo-European *temH-os-…

It is ultimately inherited from Proto-Italic *tēmo- (“intoxication, intoxicating substance”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *tēmH- (“intoxication”). De Vaan infers an original o-stem ⟨*tēmo-⟩…

It is from Latin tempus (“time”), an old locative case form of the noun. Georges and Lewis & Short treat it as an old ablative instead. De Vaan traces the noun to Proto-Italic *tempos- (“stretch…

It is from Latin teneō (“to hold”) + -āx. The verb teneō goes back to Proto-Italic *tenēō and Proto-Indo-European *tn̥-éh₁- (“to hold”), a stative of the root Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to…

1. The suffix for contrastive adjectives is inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-tero-, which Sihler and Fortson take as a contrastive suffix, typical at first of adverbs and pronouns and added to…

It is formed from Latin terō (“to rub”) + -bra. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of terō and reconstructs Proto-Italic *terasro- (“drill”), which matches Ancient Greek τέρετρον (téretron…

It is from Latin terebra (“drill”) + -ō, a verb formed from the noun. That noun is formed from terō (“to rub”) with the instrument suffix ⟨-bra⟩; de Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *terasro-…

The origin is unclear. Walde–Hofmann and Pokorny took it as ⟨*terg-o-⟩, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”) with a suffix ⟨*-g-⟩, first the stiff hair on an animal's back; de Vaan…