Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek πολύπους (polúpous, “octopus; many-footed”), a compound of πολύς (polús, “many”) and πούς (poús, “foot”). The OLD gives the Greek source as πουλύπους (poulúpous)…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek πομπή (pompḗ, “a sending, escort, solemn procession”), from πέμπω (pémpō, “to send”). Isidore of Seville derived it from the Greek verb πομπεύω (pompeúō), “to be…

It is from Latin pondus (“weight”) + -ō. That noun comes from pendō (“to hang; to weigh”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *pend-e/o- (“to hang, weigh”).

It is from Latin pondus (“weight”) + -ōsus. The base pondus belongs to the family of pendō (“to weigh”), and goes back to Proto-Italic *pendos- (“weight”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend-e/o-…

It is from Latin post (“behind, after”) + -ne, formed like superne (“from above”) from ⟨*post-ne⟩. Both were first adverbs, and the TLL compares Umbrian postne of the same meaning and formation. De…

It is apparently from Latin pōns (“bridge”) + -fex (“maker”), from faciō (“to make”), “bridge-maker”. Lewis & Short and the TLL point out that the Romans themselves no longer knew the original…

It is a Sabellic word: de Vaan explains it as the Sabellic outcome, from Proto-Italic *kʷokʷīnā, the form that gave native Latin coquīna (“kitchen, cookery”), from the root of coquō (“to cook”)…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *por-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *pr- (“forth”). De Vaan treats it as the regular Latin outcome of that form; the OLD compares per, and Georges pro…

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect participle from Latin porrigō (“to stretch out”). That verb is a compound of por- (“forth”) and regō (“to direct, stretch”), which de Vaan derives from…

The origin is uncertain. It is very like Ancient Greek πόρρω (pórrhō, “forward, far off”) in form and use, and the OLD calls it cognate with that word and its older form πρόσω (prósō); ancient…

It is probably formed from Latin porta (“gate”) + -cus, taking the fourth declension after domus (“house”). De Vaan traces ⟨porta⟩ to Proto-Italic *portā- (“gate, door”) and a participle…

It is formed from Latin post (“after”) + ea, the neuter plural (or ablative singular feminine) of is, “after these things”, like anteā. Some editions write it separately, ⟨post ea⟩.

It is formed from Latin posterus (“later, next”) + -ior as a comparative. De Vaan regards ⟨posterus⟩ as the old comparative, which has Sabellic matches, and ⟨posterior⟩ as a secondary formation…

It is from Latin posterus (“later, next”), the neuter of its comparative, used as an adverb. De Vaan takes posterus as the old comparative of post (“after”), from Proto-Italic *post-ero- (“later”)…

It is a compound from Latin post (“after”) + hāc, the feminine ablative of hic (“this”). De Vaan traces ⟨post⟩ to Proto-Italic *posti (“behind, after”) and Proto-Indo-European *pos(ti) (“after”)…

It is from Latin post (“behind, after”) + -īcus, formed like antīcus from ante. De Vaan explains it as Proto-Indo-European *posti-h₃kʷ-o- (“facing the back”), with the same second part as ⟨antīcus⟩…

It is from Latin post (“after”) + illā (“that”), the preposition with the ablative of ille (“that”). The preposition goes back to Proto-Italic *posti (“behind, after”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin postrēmus (“last”), its ablative, used as an adverb. De Vaan explains that adjective as ⟨*poster-isamo-⟩, a superlative of posterus (“later”), the old comparative of post (“after…

It grew together from the locatives, from Latin posterus (“following”) + diēs (“day”), ⟨*postrī⟩ and ⟨diē⟩, like cottīdiē and merīdiē. De Vaan lists it under ⟨diēs⟩, which he takes from the…

It is from Latin postulō (“to ask for, demand”) + -tiō. De Vaan derives postulō from poscō (“to ask, demand”), which he traces to Proto-Indo-European *prḱ-sk-e/o- (“to ask”); the way postulō was…

The OLD takes it as from Latin possum (“to be able”), its participle. De Vaan derives it from a verb Proto-Italic *pot-ē- (“to be master”), with a stative meaning, which is found in Oscan pútíad…

It is from Latin potissimus (“most powerful, chief”), its neuter, used as an adverb. ⟨potissimus⟩ is the superlative of potis (“able, master”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European *pót-i-…

It is from Latin pōtō (“to drink”) + -itō, a frequentative verb. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of pōtus (“drunk”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *pōto- and Proto-Indo-European *ph₃-to-…

It is contracted from praehibeō, formed from Latin prae- + habeō (“to have, hold”), “to hold out before”. The TLL compares Ancient Greek παρέχω (parékhō, “to provide”). De Vaan derives habeō from…

It is from Latin prae- + caveō (“to be on one's guard”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of caveō, which goes back to Proto-Italic *kawē- and Proto-Indo-European *kouh₁-éie- (“to perceive”).

It is from Latin prae- + cingō (“to gird”). De Vaan calls the origin of cingō uncertain: he sets up Proto-Italic *keng- and finds no convincing outside cognate.

It is formed from Latin praecipuus (“special, chief”) + -ē. The adjective is formed from prae- (“before”), capiō (“to take”) and the suffix -uus, “taken first”; Wiktionary derives it from praecipiō…

It is formed from Latin prae- + capiō (“to take”) + -uus, “taken first, before the others”. Paulus' epitome of Festus explains ⟨praecipuum⟩ as what is taken beforehand.

It is from Latin praecō (“herald, crier, auctioneer”) + -ium. De Vaan explains praecō by syncope from ⟨*praidikō⟩, a compound of prae- and the root of dīcō (“to say”), which he traces to…

It is formed from Latin prae- + cor (“heart”) + -ium, “what lies before the heart”. De Vaan traces ⟨cor⟩ to Proto-Italic *kord and Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr (“heart”), with the oblique stem ⟨*ḱr̥d-⟩…

It is from Latin prae- + currō (“to run”). De Vaan traces currō to Proto-Italic *korse/o- (“to run”) and Proto-Indo-European *kr̥s-e/o- (“to run”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐπίκουρος (epíkouros…

It is from Latin praedor (“to plunder”) + -tor. The verb comes from praeda (“booty”), which de Vaan, following Livingston, takes from Proto-Italic *prai-χod-ā- (“booty”), a compound with the root of…

It is from Latin praedor (“to plunder”) + -tōrius, and Wiktionary and the TLL derive it from praedātor (“plunderer”). Both go back to praeda (“booty”), which de Vaan explains as an old compound with…

It is from Latin praedor (“to plunder”) with the suffix -tus. De Vaan treats it with praeda (“booty”) under prehendō (“to grasp, seize”); following Livingston he takes praeda from Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin praedicō (“to proclaim”) + -tiō. praedicō is a compound with dicō (“to proclaim, dedicate”), which de Vaan thinks may have been back-formed from compounds in -dicāre; the root is…

It is usually taken as a compound from Latin prae- (“before, in front”) + -ditus, ⟨-ditus⟩ being the participle of dō (“to give, put”) found also in abditus and conditus. The TLL objects that this…

Its origin is disputed. The OLD and Köbler connect it with praes (“surety, bondsman”), since the first sense is land pledged by a guarantor; Wiktionary gives ⟨praes⟩ with the suffix -ium as a…

It is formed from Latin praeda (“booty”) + -ō, as Isidore also saw. De Vaan treats ⟨praeda⟩ under prehendō: it is usually explained as ⟨*prai-χed-ā-⟩ “what one acquires”, but Livingston argues for…

It is formed from Latin praeda (“booty”). De Vaan lists it with prehendō (“to seize”): ⟨praeda⟩ is usually explained as ⟨*prai-χed-ā-⟩ “what one acquires”, but he follows Livingston's Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin prae- (“before”) + eō (“to go”). De Vaan traces eō to Proto-Italic *ei- (“to go”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁ei- (“to go”); among its Italic relatives he lists Umbrian ambretuto…

It is from Latin praefectus (“prefect”) + -ūra, the noun of office to praeficiō (“to put in charge”), from prae- and faciō (“to make, do”).

It is from Latin prae- + frangō (“to break”). De Vaan traces frangō to Proto-Italic *frang- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰr-n-ǵ- (“to break”), a nasal present. Cognate with Old High German brehhan (“to…

It is formed from Latin prae- (“before”) + mittō (“to send”). De Vaan traces ⟨mittō⟩ to Proto-Italic *meit-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *m(e)ith₂- (“to exchange, remove”): from “exchange” the sense…

It is from Latin prae- + occupō (“to seize”). De Vaan explains occupō as originally a denominal verb, belonging with capiō (“to take”).

It is from Latin prae- (“before”) + optō (“to choose, wish”). De Vaan traces optō to Proto-Italic *opeje- (“to choose, grab”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁op-eie-, following Vine, who explains it as a…

It is formed from Latin prae- (“before”) + -pediō, the stem of impediō (“to entangle, hinder”), made from pēs (“foot”). The TLL compares compediō, expediō and impediō, though it finds their…

It is from Latin prae- (“before”) + rapiō (“to seize”). De Vaan traces rapiō to Proto-Italic *rap-i- (“to seize”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁rp-i- (“to seize”), comparing Ancient Greek ἐρέπτομαι…

It is a compound from Latin prae- (“before”) + vas (“surety”), as the OLD and Wiktionary have it. The TLL takes the old form ⟨praevid-⟩ as proof that it belongs with vas, but says that how it was…

It is from Latin prae- + saepēs (“hedge, fence”).

It is from Latin prae- (“before”) + sāgiō (“to perceive”), though the OLD derives it from the adjective praesāgus (“foreboding”). De Vaan points out that the compound is attested earlier than the…

It is from Latin prae- + sentiō (“to feel, perceive”). De Vaan traces sentiō to Proto-Italic *s(e)nt-ije/o- and Proto-Indo-European *snt-ie/o- (“to notice”), cognate with Lithuanian sintė́ti (“to…

It is formed from Latin prae- (“before”) + serō (“to join, link”) + -im, the adverb ending: it first meant “linked in front”, adding the weightiest point. Köbler compares Proto-Indo-European *ser-…

It is from Latin prae- (“before”) + sedeō (“to sit”), a root noun in *-se(d)s like obses (“hostage”): one who sits in front. De Vaan traces sedeō to Proto-Italic *sed-ē- (“to be seated”) and…

It is formed from Latin praeses + -ium, from the word for “guardian, one who sits in front”, or from the verb praesideō “to sit before, protect”. The verb is prae- with sedeō “to sit”, from…

It is from Latin praestringō (“to blunt, dazzle (the eyes)”). The TLL explains that ⟨-strīg-⟩ is an ablaut variant of the stem of the verb, which meant “to blind”; once the noun was no longer felt…

It is from Latin praestringō (“to blind, dazzle”). The TLL explains the stem ⟨-strīg-⟩ as an ablaut variant of ⟨-strig-⟩ in the verb, with the sense of “illusion, deception”; as the link with the…

It is from Latin prae- + statuō (“to set up, fix”). De Vaan lists it among the compounds of statuō, which he places with status (“standing”) in the family of stō (“to stand”); the noun goes back to…

It is from Latin praestō (“at hand, ready”), with an unusual element ⟨-lā-⟩; the TLL compares ambulō and the OLD calls the link with ⟨praestō⟩ possible. Döderlein derived it instead from Ancient…

It is from Latin prae- + stringō (“to bind, tighten”). De Vaan thinks stringō merges the verbs Proto-Indo-European *stri-n-g- (“to brush, strip”) and Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ-e/o- (“to draw…

It is formed from Latin praeter (“beyond”) + eā, a case form of is, like intereā; it is also written separately.