Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is from Latin ex- + numerō (“to count”). The verb numerō is made from numerus (“number”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *nomeso- and Proto-Indo-European *nem-e/os- (“apportioning”)…

It is from Latin ex- + nūntiō (“to announce”). De Vaan finds the origin of nūntius (“messenger”) unclear: it has been connected with a root Proto-Indo-European *neuH- (“to cry”) or with novus, but…

It is formed from Latin eō (“thither”) + -dem, as īdem (“the same”) is from is (“he, that”); the OLD files it under ⟨īdem⟩, and Lewis and Short call it an old dative and ablative of the pronoun. De…

It is from Latin ex- + pōtō (“to drink”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of pōtus (“drunk”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *pōto- (“drunk”) and Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”); the…

It is the feminine plural beside epulum (“feast, banquet”), and its origin is uncertain. De Vaan sets up Proto-Italic *ep(V)lo- (“ritual?”) and reports Nussbaum's derivation from Proto-Indo-European…

The second part is from Latin quidem (“indeed”). The first is uncertain: the OLD thinks it probably not ego (“I”), despite the way the word is used, while Wiktionary derives it from that pronoun…

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + rādīx (“root”), with the verb ending ⟨-ō⟩.

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + rēpō (“to creep”). De Vaan traces that verb to Proto-Italic *rēp-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁p- (“to creep”) or *h₁rēp-. Cognate with Lithuanian rėplióti (“to…

It is related to ergō (“on account of; therefore”), made on the model of pairs such as ultrā and ultrō. De Vaan derives both from ⟨*ē-rogō⟩ “from the direction of”, from a noun ⟨*rogo-⟩ “direction”…

It is from Latin erus (“master”) + -īlis. De Vaan traces erus to Proto-Italic *eso- (“master”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁esh₂-ó- (“master”), comparing Hittite išhā- (“master, lord”) and the Gaulish…

It is formed from Latin ex- + rapiō (“to seize”), “to snatch out”, with the vowel weakened in the compound. De Vaan derives rapiō from Proto-Italic *rapi- (“to seize”) and a PIE zero grade…

It is formed from Latin ex- (“out”) + rubēscō (“to grow red”), the inchoative of rubeō (“to be red”). De Vaan derives the root of ⟨rubeō⟩ and ruber (“red”) from Proto-Italic *ruþro- (“red”) and…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *eso- (“master”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁esh₂-ó- (“master”), according to de Vaan and Wiktionary. The best match in form and meaning is Hittite išhā-…

The OLD calls it a foreign loanword, and de Vaan thinks it may come from a non-Indo-European substrate language: it clearly belongs with the Greek and Germanic words for pulses, but no common…

It is from Latin ex- + scandō (“to climb”). Wiktionary explains the spelling with ⟨esc-⟩ for ⟨exsc-⟩ as a simplification of the cluster, as in sescentī (“six hundred”). De Vaan traces scandō to…

It is from Latin edō (“to eat”) + -uriō, a desiderative verb built on the stem of the supine ⟨ēsum⟩. The verb edō goes back to Proto-Italic *edō and Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”). Risch…

It is from Latin etiam (“also, even”) + num (“now”), written as one word. The commoner form etiamnunc has nunc (“now”) in place of the older num.

It is formed from Latin etiam (“also, even”) + sī (“if”), matching Ancient Greek καὶ εἰ (kaì ei, “even if”). The adverb ⟨etiam⟩ is a compound of et and iam (“now”); de Vaan traces ⟨et⟩ to…

It is formed from Latin et (“even”) + sī (“if”). De Vaan traces et to Proto-Italic *eti and Proto-Indo-European *h₁eti (“still, also”), cognate with Ancient Greek ἔτι (éti, “still, yet”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek εὖ (eû, “well”), the Greek adverb used as an exclamation.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek εὖγε (eûge, “well done!”). The Greek word combines εὖ (eû, “well”) with the particle γε (ge).

It is formed from Latin ex- (“out”) + vādō (“to go”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of ⟨vādō⟩, which he traces to Proto-Italic *wāþe/o- and Proto-Indo-European *ueh₂dʰ- (“to advance”), the…

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + vellō (“to pluck”). De Vaan traces vellō to Proto-Italic *weln-e/o- and a nasal present Proto-Indo-European *ul-n(e)-h₃- (“to strike”); Schrijver prefers a form with a…

It is formed from Latin ex- (“out”) + vertō (“to turn”). De Vaan traces vertō to Proto-Italic *wert-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *wert-e/o- (“to turn”), cognate with Sanskrit वर्तते (vártate…

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + vomō (“to vomit”). De Vaan traces vomō to Proto-Italic *weme/o- and Proto-Indo-European *uemh1- (“to vomit”), a root present that Latin made thematic. Cognate with…

It is from Latin ex- + aedificō (“to build”). The simple verb is formed from aedēs (“temple; house”) with ⟨-ficō⟩, “make”; de Vaan traces that noun to Proto-Italic *aiþ- (“fireplace”) and…

It is from Latin ex- + aequō (“to make level, equal”). The verb aequō is made from aequus (“level, equal”), which probably goes back to ⟨*aikʷos⟩, though de Vaan finds no convincing etymology.

It is formed from Latin ex- (“out”) + anima (“breath, life”) as a first-conjugation verb, “to drive the breath out”. De Vaan lists it under animus and ⟨anima⟩, from Proto-Italic *anamo- (“breath…

It is from Latin ex- + ārēscō (“to become dry”), the inchoative of āreō (“to be dry”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of that verb, which goes back to Proto-Italic *ās-ē- (“to be dry”) and…

It is formed from Latin ex- + audiō (“to hear”). De Vaan traces ⟨audiō⟩ to Proto-Italic *awizdje/o- (“to hear”), probably a compound of Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewis (“clearly, manifestly”) and the…

It is formed from Latin exscindō (“to destroy”) + -ium. Lewis and Short note that it was usually referred to excīdō (“to cut out”), and that it is sometimes spelled ⟨exscidium⟩, as if from…

It is formed from Latin ex- (“out”) + cieō (“to set in motion”), as the expanded commentary of Servius notes. De Vaan reconstructs for ⟨cieō⟩ an aorist Proto-Indo-European *(ḱ)ei(h₂)- (“to start to…

The OLD forms it from Latin ex- (“out”) + citō (“to set in motion”); Wiktionary and L&S take it as the frequentative of exciō (“to call out, rouse”). Both go back to cieō (“to set in motion”), which…

It is formed from Latin ex- (“out”) + clāmō (“to shout”). De Vaan takes ⟨clāmō⟩ as a verb made from a noun meaning “shout”, from Proto-Italic *klāmo- and Proto-Indo-European *klh₁-mo-, from the root…

It is from Latin ex- + coquō (“to cook”). De Vaan traces coquō to Proto-Italic *kʷekʷe/o- (“to cook”) and Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ-e/o- (“to cook”), cognate with Ancient Greek πέσσω (péssō, “to…

It is from Latin ex- + cor (“heart”), “without heart”, the heart being taken as the seat of intelligence. cor goes back to Proto-Italic *kord and Proto-Indo-European *ḱērd (“heart”).

It is from Latin ex- (“thoroughly”) + cruciō (“to torture”). De Vaan derives cruciō from crux (“cross, gallows”), and leaves the origin of crux open, perhaps Proto-Italic *kruk(-i)-.

It is from Latin excubō (“to lie out, keep watch”) + -ia, and grammarians state that it is used only in the plural. The verb is ex- with cubō (“to lie”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin ex- + cūdō (“to beat, strike”). De Vaan reconstructs cūdō as Proto-Italic *kūd-e/o- from Proto-Indo-European *kuh₂-d-e/o- (“to hit”), cognate with Lithuanian káuti (“to hit”) and…

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + currō (“to run”). De Vaan traces currō to Proto-Italic *korse/o- and Proto-Indo-European *kr̥s-e/o- (“to run”).

It is from Latin ex- + edō (“to eat”). The verb edō goes back to Proto-Italic *edō and Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”).

According to the TLL and Wiktionary it is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐξεντερίζω (exenterízō, “to disembowel”), adapted to the Latin first conjugation. The OLD prefers a formation from ex- and…

It is formed from Latin exul (“exile, banished person”) + -ium. The OLD explains exul as ex- with a root ⟨*ul-⟩ “go” also found in ambulō, rather than from solum (“ground”), as the ancients thought…

It is formed from Latin eximō (“to take out, remove”) + -ius: “taken out (of the mass)”. ⟨eximō⟩ is ex- with emō (“to take, buy”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *eme/o- (“to take”) and…

It is formed from Latin ex- + aestimō (“to value, estimate”), with the vowel weakened in the compound. The origin of the simple verb is uncertain: de Vaan finds the derivation from aes “bronze” and…

It is from Latin exitium (“destruction, ruin”) + -ābilis. The noun exitium is from exeō (“to go out”), a compound of eō (“to go”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₁ei- (“to go”).

It is formed from Latin ex- + olēscō (“to grow”), compare abolēscō. De Vaan lists it, dated from Plautus, among the derivatives of alō (“to feed, raise”), from Proto-Italic *ale/o- (“to feed”) and…

It is from Latin ex- (“out, off”) + onerō (“to load”). onerō is from onus (“load”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *ones- and Proto-Indo-European *h₃en-os (“load”).

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin exoptō (“to long for”). That verb is a compound of ex- and optō (“to choose, wish”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *opeje- (“to choose…

It is from Latin ex- + optō (“to choose, wish”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of optō, which he traces to Proto-Italic *opeje- (“to choose, grab”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁op-eie- (“to…

It is from Latin exōrō (“to prevail upon by entreaty”) + -bilis. That verb is a compound of ex- and ōrō (“to plead, pray”), which de Vaan takes to be a verb made from the noun for “mouth”, although…

It is formed from Latin ex- (“out”) + orior (“to rise”). De Vaan traces ⟨orior⟩ to Proto-Italic *or-i- (“to rise”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₃r-i- (“to rise”), cognate with Umbrian ortom est (“has…

It is from Latin ex- + ōrnō (“to equip, adorn”). De Vaan lists it under ōrdō (“row, order”): ⟨ōrnō⟩ was its original verb, ⟨*ōrd-n-āre⟩, which kept the special sense “to adorn”; he finds a link of…

It is formed from Latin ex- (“out, thoroughly”) + ōrō (“to plead, pray”). De Vaan, against Walde and Hofmann and Ernout and Meillet, sees no reason not to take ⟨ōrō⟩ as a verb made from ōs…

It is formed from Latin ex- + os (“bone”) + -ō, the verb suffix. De Vaan lists it beside the adjective exos (“boneless”); Georges derives it from ⟨exossis⟩, another form of that adjective. The noun…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐξωτικός (exōtikós, “foreign”). The Greek adjective comes from ἔξω (éxō, “outside”), from ἐξ (ex, “out of”), so that it means literally “from the outside”.

It is from Latin ex- + pallēscō (“to grow pale”). The TLL derives it from ex and palleō (“to be pale”). pallēscō is formed from that verb, which goes back to Proto-Italic *palwo- (“pale, grey”); de…

It is from Latin expedītus (“unencumbered”) + -ē, from the participle of expediō (“to free, make ready”). De Vaan groups that verb with pēs (“foot”) and suggests that the meaning of the verbs in…

It is formed from Latin ex- (“out”) + pellō (“to push, drive”). De Vaan traces pellō to Proto-Italic *pelna- and Proto-Indo-European *pl-n-h₂- (“to approach”), with a shift from “bring closer” to…

The etymology is disputed. De Vaan favours the view that it is from Latin ex- + per- + regō (“to direct”), “to move on up, wake up”, since the participle ⟨experrēctus⟩ contains that of the verb and…