exorior

Forms

exorior (present infinitive exorīrī, perfect active exortus sum); third (-iō variant) conjugation, deponent^[1] The present infinitive is exorīrī; the other present forms follow the third conjugation, as exoritur.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is formed from ex- (“out”) and orior (“to rise”).^[2][1] De Vaan traces ⟨orior⟩ to Proto-Italic *or-i- (“to rise”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₃r-i- (“to rise”), cognate with Umbrian ortom est (“has arisen”) and Hittite arai- (“to rise, lift”).^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^[4] who has a green colour appearing on someone's temples and forehead, and a man who “suddenly sprang up and suddenly perished” like a midsummer weed.^[2]

Semantic evolution

It is to come out into view or appear, and of the sun and stars to rise, as in Ennius.^[2] Of shouts and sounds it is to go up, of rivers to rise, of wind and fire to spring up, and in general to come into being or spring from a family.^[2][3] Of events it is to come about or begin, as Plautus' birth pains, and of points in an argument to crop up.^[2] In Cicero's letters it is to have one's spirits raised, “I begin to cheer up a little”.^[2][1]

Church Latin glosses it “spring up, rise, appear”.^[5]

Timeline

• c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a colour appearing and of a man who sprang up.^[2][6]
• 204–169 BC – Ennius of the rising sun and of a shout going up.^[2][6]
• 81–43 BC – Cicero of a defence that crops up and of cheering up.^[2][6]

Meanings

Verb

1. To come out, emerge, appear.^[2][1][5]
2. Of the sun or stars, to rise.^[2]
3. Of sounds, to go up; of rivers, to rise; of wind or fire, to spring up.^[2]
4. To come into existence, spring from.^[2][1]
5. To come about, begin, arise; to crop up in a discussion.^[2][1]
6. To have one's spirits raised, cheer up.^[2][1]

Word family

• exortus

Related words

• orior
• orīgō
• oborior

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
4. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
5. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
6. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de