Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is from Latin dēvertō (“to turn aside; to put up at an inn”) + -culum. That verb is a compound of dē- and vertō (“to turn”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *wert-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin dē- (“down, fully”) + vinciō (“to bind”). De Vaan traces ⟨vinciō⟩ to Proto-Italic *wink- (“to tie, bind”) and Proto-Indo-European *ui-n-k-, cognate with Umbrian preuiślatu…

It is from Latin dē- + vītō (“to avoid”), and Paulus' Festus explains it as “to avoid thoroughly”. For vītō de Vaan prefers a link with invītus (“unwilling”), from Proto-Italic *wīto- (“wanted”) and…

It is from Latin dē- + volō (“to fly”). De Vaan derives the simple verb from Proto-Italic *gʷela-je/o-; following Muller he connects it with Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₁- (“to raise the arm, throw”)…

It is from Latin dē- + vorō (“to swallow”). De Vaan takes vorō as probably a denominative verb from a noun or adjective meaning “food” or “devouring”, from Proto-Italic *gʷo/erā- and…

It is from Latin dexter (“right”), its feminine, with ⟨manus⟩ “hand” understood. dexter goes back to Proto-Italic *dekstero- and Proto-Indo-European *deḱs-tero- (“right, right-hand side”). Cognate…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek δίκη (díkē, “custom, right; lawsuit”). Köbler takes the Greek word back to Proto-Indo-European *deiḱ- (“to show, point”).

It is formed from Latin dīcō (“to say”) + -āx, on the root ⟨dic-⟩, as in maledicus. De Vaan traces dīcō to Proto-Italic *deik-e/o- (“to say”) and Proto-Indo-European *deiḱ-e/o- (“to show”).

It is formed from Latin -iō from the root ⟨dic-⟩ of dīcō (“to say”). De Vaan derives the verb from Proto-Italic *deik-e/o- (“to say”) and Proto-Indo-European *deiḱ-e/o- (“to show”). The TLL compares…

It is from Latin dis- + dō (“to give”). De Vaan lists it among the compounds of dō, which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *di-d(e)h₃- (“to give”). The TLL allows that the second part may instead be…

Used as an adjective, it is the present participle from Latin diffīdō (“to lack confidence, despair”). The verb is formed from dis- and fīdō (“to trust”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *feiþe- and…

It is from Latin digitus (“finger, toe”) + -ulus, a diminutive. De Vaan notes that linking digitus with dīcō is attractive in meaning, but it would need a voicing change otherwise unknown in Latin.

It is from Latin dignus (“worthy”) + -ē, the adverb of the adjective. De Vaan traces dignus to Proto-Italic *dek-no- (“worthy”) and Proto-Indo-European *deḱ-no-, from the same root as decet (“it is…

It is from Latin dis- + lacerō (“to tear”). De Vaan takes lacerō as formed from the adjective lacer (“torn, mangled”), though the adjective is recorded later, and traces it to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin dīligō (“to value, love”), its present participle used as an adjective. The verb is formed from dis- (“apart”) and legō (“to choose, gather”), which de Vaan traces to…

It is formed from Latin dīligēns (“careful, attentive”) + -ter, the adverb of that adjective, which is the present participle of dīligō (“to esteem, love”). The OLD and Wiktionary analyse dīligō as…

It is formed from Latin dīligēns (“careful, attentive”) + -ia. dīligēns is the present participle of dīligō (“to esteem, love”), from ⟨dis-⟩ and legō (“to choose, gather”), which goes back to…

It is from Latin dīlūceō (“to be light, dawn”) + -ulum. The TLL derives it from dīlūcēscō (“to grow light”). Both verbs are compounds of lūceō (“to shine”), which de Vaan derives from lūx (“light”)…

It is from Latin dis- + mētior (“to measure”). De Vaan traces mētior to Proto-Italic *mēti- and Proto-Indo-European *meh₁-ti- (“measurement”). Cognate with Ancient Greek μῆτις (mêtis, “wisdom…

It is from Latin dis- + medius (“middle”), from a form ⟨*dis-medius⟩. The Thesaurus calls the formation strange, unless the adjective was shortened from dīmidiātus (“halved”). The adjective medius…

It is from Latin dis- + numerō (“to count”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of numerus (“number”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *nomeso- and probably to an s-stem Proto-Indo-European…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek Διόνυσος (Diónūsos), the Greek name of the god. The origin of the Greek name is unknown. Beekes notes that the Greek forms seem to point to an older compound, and…

It is formed from Latin dis- (“apart”) + rapiō (“to seize, snatch”). De Vaan traces rapiō to Proto-Italic *rapi- (“to seize”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁rp-i- (“to seize”), cognate with Ancient…

It is from Latin dis- + rumpō (“to break”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of rumpō, which goes back to Proto-Italic *ru-n-p- (“to break”) and Proto-Indo-European *Hru-n-p- (“to break”).

It is from Latin disceptō (“to dispute, judge”) + -tor. The OLD analyses disceptō as a compound of dis- and captō (“to try to grasp”), which de Vaan derives from the participle of capiō (“to take”)…

It is from Latin discindō (“to tear apart”) + -ium. The verb is from dis- and scindō (“to split, tear”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *ski-n-d-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *ski-n-d- (“to split…

It is formed from Latin discors (“disagreeing”) + -ia. discors is dis- (“apart”) with cor (“heart”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kord and Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr (“heart”).

It is from Latin discors (“disagreeing”) + -ō, a verb made from the adjective. discors is a compound of dis- and cor (“heart”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kord and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin dis- + cruciō (“to torture”). The simple verb is derived from crux (“cross”); de Vaan finds the further origin of the noun unclear: it may belong with Germanic words such as Old…

It is from Latin dis- + -cumbō (“to lie down”). De Vaan reconstructs the nasal present behind -cumbō and cubō (“to lie”) as Proto-Italic *kumbe/o- (“to lie down”), comparing Faliscan cupat (“lies”)…

It is from Latin disertus (“eloquent; clear”) + -ē, the participle of disserō (“to set out in words”) used as an adjective. De Vaan places these words under serō (“to join, link”), which he traces…

It is probably from Latin dissertus, the past participle of disserō (“to set out in words, discuss”), and de Vaan lists it among that verb's derivatives. The TLL prefers a compound of dis- and artus…

It is from Latin dis- + iungō (“to yoke, join”). De Vaan traces iungō to Proto-Italic *jung-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *(H)iunégti (“to yoke”), a nasal present, and lists the compound among its…

It is formed from Latin dis- + parō (“to prepare, arrange”).

It is from Latin dis- (“apart”) + pellō (“to drive, push”). De Vaan traces pellō to Proto-Italic *pelna- and Proto-Indo-European *pl-n(e)-h₂- (“to approach”), explaining the meaning by a shift from…

It is from Latin dispendō (“to weigh out, distribute”) + -ium, the opposite of compendium “saving”. Varro explained the word by the loss that happens in weighing out, and Festus connected it with…

It is from Latin dis- + pēnsō (“to weigh out, pay”). pēnsō is a frequentative of pendō (“to hang; to weigh out, pay”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *pend-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin dis- + perdō (“to destroy, lose”). De Vaan lists perdō among the compounds in ⟨-dō⟩ that he assigns to the verb “to put”, Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-, while noting that such…

It is from Latin dis- + pereō (“to perish”), with ⟨dis-⟩ in the sense “utterly”.

It is from Latin dis- (“apart”) + partiō (“to divide, share”). partiō is formed from pars (“part”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *parti- (“part”); following Schrijver, he explains it as a…

It is formed from Latin dis- (“apart, not”) + placeō (“to please”). De Vaan derives ⟨placeō⟩ from Proto-Italic *plak-ē- and Proto-Indo-European *pl(e)h₂k- (“to agree, be pleasant”), whose only…

It is a frequentative, from Latin disserō (“to set out in words, discuss”) + -tō. De Vaan lists it, spelled ⟨disertāre⟩ “to discuss, talk about”, among the derivatives of serō (“to join, link”)…

It is formed from Latin dis- + similis (“like”). De Vaan traces the adjective to Proto-Italic *semali- (“alike, together”) and Proto-Indo-European *sm̥h₂-el-i-, from the root *sem- (“one”), cognate…

It is formed from Latin dis- (“apart”) + supō (“to throw”), which Festus glosses “throws”. De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *sup-i- (“to throw”) and Proto-Indo-European *sup-i- (“to throw”)…

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect passive participle from Latin dissolvō (“to loosen, dissolve”). dissolvō is a compound of solvō (“to loosen”), which de Vaan explains as *se- "away" and luō…

It is formed from Latin dis- (“apart”) + solvō (“to loosen”). De Vaan explains solvō as a compound of ⟨*se-⟩, “away”, and luō (“to loosen”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *luwe/o- and…

It is from Latin dis- + suādeō (“to advise, urge”). Etymonline relates suādeō to suāvis (“sweet”) and traces it to Proto-Indo-European *swād- (“sweet, pleasant”).

It is from Latin distrahō (“to drag apart”) + -tiō, formed on the stem of the supine ⟨distractum⟩.

It is from Latin dis- + turbō (“to disturb”), and turbō is made from turba (“commotion, crowd”). De Vaan lists the compound among the derivatives of turba attested from Plautus on, and calls the…

It is formed from Latin diū (“for a long time”) + -tinus, as in crāstinus. De Vaan takes that adverb as an old locative of the word for “day”, going back to Proto-Italic *djowi (“on the day”) and…

It is from Latin dīvīnus (“divine”) + -itus, an adverb of origin, from the gods. The grammarian Priscian explained it as “from the gods”. dīvīnus is from dīvus (“god”), which de Vaan, with deus…

It is from Latin doceō (“to teach”), its perfect passive participle, used as an adjective. De Vaan traces doceō to Proto-Italic *dok-eje- and Proto-Indo-European *doḱ-eye/o- (“to make someone accept…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *dolē- (“to pain, cause pain”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dolh₁-eie- (“to split”), a causative of *delh₁- (“to chop”): pain would have been felt as being…

1. The verb “to hew” is inherited from Proto-Italic *dolaje-, from Proto-Indo-European *dolh₁-ie/o- (“to cut repeatedly”) or *d(e)lh₁-ie/o- (“to cut”). De Vaan notes that the Latin stem may continue…

It is formed from Latin doleō + -or, from the verb “to be in pain”. De Vaan traces the verb to Proto-Italic *dolē- (“to pain, cause pain”), from a causative Proto-Indo-European *dolh₁-éye- (“to make…

It is from Latin dolus (“trick, deceit”) + -ōsus. De Vaan traces dolus to Proto-Italic *dolo- (“trick”); Pokorny thought it borrowed from Ancient Greek δόλος (dólos, “bait, trick”), but in view of…

It is formed from Latin domus (“house”), but how is not clear. The OLD compares the second part with colō (“to inhabit”), and Wiktionary and Etymonline give that view; Lewis and Short connect it…

It is from Latin dōnum (“gift”). dōnum goes back to Proto-Italic *dōno- (“gift”) and Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-no- (“gift”) (or ⟨*doh₃-no-⟩), from the root of dō (“to give”). Oscan and Venetic have…

It is from Latin dormiō (“to sleep”) + -itō. De Vaan traces dormiō to Proto-Italic *dormje/o- and Proto-Indo-European *drm-i̯e- (“to sleep”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δαρθάνω (darthánō, “to fall…

De Vaan takes it to be a compound from Latin dē (“away from”) + versus (“turned towards”), as the Romans themselves thought: the grammarian Festus equated it with deorsum (“downwards”). From…