Latin words first recorded in the 2nd century BC

It is formed from Latin puer (“boy”) + -itia. De Vaan derives ⟨puer⟩ from Proto-Italic *puwero-, perhaps Proto-Indo-European *ph₂u-ero- (“smaller”), or a newer formation on a root ⟨*pau-⟩ “small…

It is formed from Latin quō (“to which place”) + -cumque (“-ever”), the generalising suffix. ⟨Quō⟩ is the ablative of the relative quī (“who, which”), from Proto-Italic *kʷoi and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin rēctus (“straight; right”), its neuter used as a noun. The adjective is the perfect passive participle of regō (“to direct, guide, govern”); de Vaan explains the participle's long…

It is from Latin re- (“back”) + fallō (“to deceive”), as if to show something to be false. Servius and Priscian already derived it from fallō. De Vaan traces fallō to Proto-Italic *fal-s-e/o- and…

It is formed from Latin repēns (“sudden”) + -īnus. The origin of repēns is uncertain. De Vaan prefers to connect it with rapiō (“to seize”), as an aorist participle Proto-Indo-European *h₁rep-n̥t-…

It is from Latin re- + scrībō (“to write”). De Vaan derives ⟨scrībō⟩ from Proto-Italic *skreif-e/o- (“to carve”) and Proto-Indo-European *skreibʰ-e/o- (“to carve”).

It is from Latin resupīnus (“lying on one's back”) + -ō. Wiktionary analyses it instead as re- and supīnō (“to turn upwards”). De Vaan lists it, with resupīnus and supīnus (“lying face upwards”)…

It is from Latin re- (“again”) + vīvō (“to live”) + -scō (“inchoative suffix”), an inchoative “to come to life again”; de Vaan lists ⟨revīvēscere⟩ among the derivatives of vīvō, beside vīvēscō (“to…

It is a diminutive, from Latin sacrum (“sacred place”) + -lum, from the neuter of sacer (“sacred”). De Vaan traces sacer to Proto-Italic *sakro- (“sacred”) and Proto-Indo-European *sh₂k-ro-…

It is formed from Latin saevus (“fierce, savage”) + -itia. De Vaan traces the adjective to Proto-Italic *saiwo- (“savage”) and Proto-Indo-European *seh₂i-uo-, cognate with Old Irish sáeth…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σανδάλιον (sandálion), a diminutive of σάνδαλον (sándalon, “sandal”). Beekes takes the base noun to be Pre-Greek, comparing its variant σάμβαλον (sámbalon), and…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σατράπης (satrápēs, “satrap”). The Greek word comes from a Persian title; the OLD compares Sanskrit क्षत्रम् (kṣatrám) and Sanskrit पति (páti), and Köbler links it…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σκηνικός (skēnikós, “of the stage”). VOLI gives it as derived from scaena (“stage”), whose spelling with ⟨ae⟩ it shares.

It is from Latin scrūpus (“sharp stone”) + -ulus, a diminutive. De Vaan finds no etymology for the base noun. Lewis and Short treat the unit of weight scrīpulum as a neuter collateral form of it…

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin sēmoveō (“to move apart, set aside”), a verb made from Latin sē- (“apart”) + moveō (“to move”). De Vaan traces the simple verb to…

It is from Latin sē- (“apart”) + moveō (“to move”). De Vaan explains the prefix as the old ablative ⟨sēd⟩, which as a preposition meant “without, away”. The verb moveō goes back to Proto-Italic…

It is formed from Latin sevērus (“stern, serious”) + -tās. The origin of sevērus is disputed: Walde and Hofmann and Meiser explained it from ⟨*swe-⟩ “apart” and the root of vērus (“true”), which de…

It is from Latin sexāgintā (“sixty”) + -ēsimus, also spelt ⟨sexāgēnsimus⟩ and ⟨sexāgēnsumus⟩. De Vaan explains sexāgintā as sex (“six”) with an ⟨-ā-⟩ inserted on the model of quadrāgintā; sex goes…

It is formed from Latin simulō (“to imitate, pretend”) + -tiō. The verb comes from similis (“like”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *semali- (“alike, together”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sinu-, probably inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sinu-, and probably related to Albanian gji (“breast”) (from ⟨*sin-⟩). If so, Sanskrit सानु (sā́nu, “back…

It is from Latin sollus (“whole, entire”) + ars (“skill”), from a stem *soll-arti-, so literally having all skill. De Vaan traces sollus to Proto-Italic *solno- (“whole”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin sollicitō (“to disturb, stir up, incite”) + -tiō. That verb comes from sollicitus (“restless, anxious”), a compound of sollus (“entire”) and citus (“stirred”), the participle of…

It is from Latin spargō (“to scatter, sprinkle”), its participle, used as an adjective. De Vaan traces spargō to Proto-Italic *sparg- and Proto-Indo-European *sp(e)r-g- (“to strew”), comparing…

Lewis & Short take it as a diminutive from Latin stīpes (“post, trunk”). De Vaan lists it under stips (“small coin”) and traces it to Proto-Italic *stip-elo- (“straw”), from a root…

It is from Latin stomachus (“gullet, stomach; ill temper”) + -or, a deponent verb made from the noun in its sense “annoyance, vexation”. stomachus is from Ancient Greek στόμαχος (stómakhos).

It is from Latin stultus (“foolish”) + -ē, the adverb of the adjective. De Vaan files stultus under stolidus (“dull, stupid”): it may reflect ⟨*stl-to-⟩, but its further origin is uncertain; Pokorny…

It is from Latin sub- + vertō (“to turn”). Wiktionary traces vertō to Proto-Italic *wertō and Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”).

It is formed from Latin sub- + moneō (“to remind, advise”), with the prefix assimilated.

It is from Latin suspiciō (“to look up at; to suspect”) + -tō, a frequentative formed on its participle suspectus. suspiciō is a compound of sub- and speciō (“to look”), which de Vaan traces to…

It is from Latin susurrus (“whisper”) + -ō. De Vaan takes susurrus as an onomatopoeic formation, whose reduplication, hissing ⟨s⟩ and ⟨rr⟩ imitate whispering and rustling, though it may have been…

It is from Latin temperō (“to moderate, restrain”), its present participle, used as an adjective. De Vaan derives the verb from tempus (“time”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *tempos- (“stretch…

It is formed from Latin tēmētum (“strong drink”) + -ulentus (“full of”) (from the stem of ⟨tēmētum⟩), on the model of vīnolentus. De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *tēmo- (“intoxication”) from…

It is from Latin tenuis (“thin, fine, slight”) + -ter.

It is from Latin tolerō + -bilis, from the verb “to bear, endure”. De Vaan lists the verb with tollō (“to lift”) and reports Nussbaum's explanation of it as a Latin present ⟨*telh₂-s-⟩ of the root…

It is from Latin tribus (“tribe”) + -ūlis. De Vaan traces tribus to Proto-Italic *triþu- (“tripartite entity”) and Proto-Indo-European *tri-dʰh₁-u- (“tripartite division”), following Weiss; compare…

The origin is uncertain. Wiktionary takes it as inherited from Proto-Italic *tūβos, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”), and the OLD compares tumeō (“to swell”). De Vaan finds no good…

It is formed from Latin turpis (“ugly, shameful”) + -ter, the adverb suffix. The origin of ⟨turpis⟩ is unclear: Walde and Hofmann and Pokorny compared Sanskrit त्रपते (trapate, “is ashamed”), from a…

The origin is uncertain. Wiktionary takes it as inherited from Proto-Italic *tussis, from Proto-Indo-European *tud-tí-s, a derivative of the root of tundō (“to beat”). The OLD too derives it…

It is from Latin uter (“which of the two”), its neuter, used as a particle. De Vaan derives ⟨uter⟩ from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-tero- (“which of two”), which Latin remade as ⟨*kʷutero-⟩ after the…

It is from Latin vānus (“empty, vain”) + -tās. De Vaan traces vānus to Proto-Italic *wāno- or Proto-Italic *wā̆sno-, and further to Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂-no- or a related form. Cognate with…

It is from Latin vēcors (“senseless, mad”) + -ia. vēcors is a compound of the prefix vē- and cor (“heart”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kord and Proto-Indo-European *ḱērd (“heart”).

It is from Latin venustus (“charming, attractive”) + -ē, the adverb of the adjective.

It is formed from Latin vērus (“true”) + -tās. De Vaan traces vērus to Proto-Italic *wēro- and Proto-Indo-European *weh₁-ro- (“true”), cognate with Old Irish fír (“true”) and Old High German wār…

It is from Latin vertō (“to turn”) + -ūra, made from the stem of the participle ⟨versus⟩ and also spelt ⟨vorsūra⟩. The verb goes back to Proto-Italic *wertō and Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to…

It is from Latin vetus (“old”) + -tor. Georges and Gaffiot derive it from veterō (“to make old”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of vetus, which goes back to Proto-Italic *wetos- (“year”)…

It is from Latin veternus (“lethargy, torpor”) + -ōsus. The noun veternus is formed from vetus (“old”) (stem ⟨veter-⟩), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *uet-os- (“year”).

It is from Latin vicis (“change, turn”) + -tūdō. The OLD sees it as formed like vicissitās (“alternation”), with -tūdō in place of -tās, on the stem of vicissim (“in turn”). De Vaan lists it among…

It is from Latin vieō (“to plait, weave”): the OLD and Georges take it as the participle of that verb, while Gaffiot and Köbler refer it to viēscō (“to shrivel”). De Vaan calls the connection with…

It is from Latin violēns (“violent”) + -ter. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of violō (“to violate”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *wijelo- (“chasing, violating”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin vitium (“fault, defect”) + -ō. De Vaan traces vitium to Proto-Italic *witio- (“deviation, fault”) and, following Walde and Hofmann, to Proto-Indo-European *(d)ui-tio- (“apart…

It is from Latin vix (“hardly”) + -dum. De Vaan traces vix to Proto-Italic *wiks and connects it, following Walde and Hofmann, with Proto-Indo-European *uik- (“a turn, bend”), but the derivation is…

De Vaan says it may be inherited from Proto-Italic *wolgo- or *welgos-, with no further etymology. The OLD and Lewis & Short compare Sanskrit वर्ग (varga, “group, division”) and Middle Breton gwalch…

It is from Latin adoptō (“to adopt”) + -īvus. De Vaan lists adoptō from Plautus on among the derivatives of optō (“to choose”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *opeje- (“to choose, grab”) and…

It is from Latin petō (“to seek, ask for”) + -tor.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ψαλτήριον (psaltḗrion, “stringed instrument”), from ψάλλω (psállō, “to pluck a string with the fingers”), whose further origin is unclear. Isidore derived it…

It is from Latin quā (“where, by which way”) + tenus (“as far as”). De Vaan explains tenus as a fossilized form of an s-stem noun ⟨tenus⟩, ⟨-oris⟩, “snare, stretch”, from Proto-Italic *tenos- and…

It is from Latin ad- + clīvus (“slope”) + -is. De Vaan traces clīvus to Proto-Italic *kle/oiwo- and to Proto-Indo-European *ḱloi-uo- (“slope, hill”) or *ḱlei-u̯o- (“sloping”).

It is from Latin aggerō (“to carry to, pile up”), from ad- (“to”) and gerō (“to carry”). De Vaan notes that the stem ⟨*-ges-⟩ is younger than Proto-Indo-European, so the noun is not an inherited…

It is related to alūmen (“alum”), and was first an adjective, with “hide” or “material” understood; Wiktionary explains it as the feminine of an unattested ⟨*alūtus⟩ “treated with alum”. De Vaan…

It is from Latin ambi- + putō (“to prune”); Festus, as epitomized by Paul the Deacon, explains ⟨amputata⟩ as “pruned around”. De Vaan takes putō from the adjective putus (“clean, pure”): it first…