Latin words first recorded in the 1st century

1. The little bitch is from Latin catellus (“puppy”), its feminine, according to the OLD; Wiktionary also allows an alteration of catula (“female puppy”). The masculine catellus is a diminutive of…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek χοραύλης (khoraúlēs, “flute player accompanying a chorus”), a compound of χορός (khorós, “chorus, dance”) and αὐλός (aulós, “pipe, flute”).

It is from Latin ebur (“ivory”) + -eus.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐμβασικοίτας (embasikoítas), a Doric form, beside ἐμβασικοίτης (embasikoítēs). The Greek word is a compound of ἐμβαίνω (embaínō, “to go in, go aboard”) and κοίτη…

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin exaggerō (“to heap up; to amplify”). The verb is formed from ex- and aggerō (“to heap up”).

It is from Latin ex tempore (“on the spur of the moment”) + -ālis, the phrase being made of ex (“out of”) and tempus (“time”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek γένεσις (génesis, “origin, birth, creation”), from γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “to be born, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget”). The Greek translators…

It is from Latin madeō (“to be wet; to be drunk”), but the exact formation is disputed. Wiktionary takes it as a syncopated ⟨*madĭtus⟩, with /dt/ assimilated to /tt/; the TLL, following Specht…

It is formed from Latin miscellus (“mixed”) + -āneus, like collectaneus and conditaneus; miscellus comes from misceō (“to mix”).

It is from Latin nē (“not”) + sapiō (“to taste; to be wise”) + -us, a compound made like nescius (“not knowing”). The verb goes back to Proto-Indo-European *sh₁p-i- (“to notice”); the TLL compares…

It is formed from Latin oscillō (“to ride in a swing”) + -tiō. The OLD derives the verb from oscillum (“a swing”), whose origin it calls unknown unless it developed from ⟨oscillum⟩ “a small face”, a…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek παροψίς (paropsís, “side dish”), from παρά (pará, “beside”) and ὄψον (ópson, “cooked food, delicacies”).

It is formed from Latin per- + colaphus (“a punch, a blow with the fist”) with the ending of first-conjugation verbs, using a popular form ⟨colop-⟩ of the noun. The TLL refers to studies of the…

It is from Latin petauristēs (“acrobat”) + -ārius, a Latin extension of the borrowed noun, which renders Ancient Greek πεταυριστής (petauristḗs). Köbler connects the Greek word with πέταυρον…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek φιάλη (phiálē, “broad flat bowl”). Köbler and Etymonline describe the Greek word as a technical loanword of unknown origin.

It is from Latin russus (“red”) + -eus. De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *rutsto- (“red”) for russus and, following Hill, explains it as a formation *rudh-to- from the root of ruber “red”.

It is from Latin scindō (“to cut, tear”) + -tor, formed on the supine stem ⟨sciss-⟩.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ζηλότυπος (zēlótupos, “jealous”). The first part of the Greek word is ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal, rivalry, jealousy”).

1. The bookshop and the copyist are a feminine noun from Latin librārius (“of books; copyist, bookseller”), which is formed from liber (“bark; book”). De Vaan tentatively traces ⟨liber⟩ to…

It is from Latin tūtor + -ius, from the noun for a guardian. Köbler traces the family to tueor (“to watch over”).

It is formed from Latin honor (“honour”) + -us, the adjective ending, on the model of decōrus (“becoming”) beside decor. The noun, also honōs, has no known etymology beyond Latin according to de Vaan.

It is from Latin ad- + aptō (“to fit, adjust”). The simple verb is formed from aptus (“fitted, suited”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀστερίσκος (asterískos, “little star”), a diminutive of ἀστήρ (astḗr, “star”). Köbler traces this noun to Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr- (“star”). Isidore of Seville…

It is a Gaulish word, as the Romans already said: probably borrowed from Gaulish *bekkos, from Proto-Celtic *bekkos. Etymonline mentions a possible link with Proto-Celtic *bacc- (“hook”). It lives…

It is formed from Latin explōrātor (“scout, spy”) + -ius. The noun comes from explōrō (“to search out, investigate”), whose base plōrō (“to cry, weep”) has no etymology according to de Vaan…

It is formed from Latin initiō (“to initiate”) + -tiō. The verb comes from initium (“a beginning”).

The origin is uncertain. The OLD compares Ancient Greek μακκοάω (makkoáō, “to be stupid”); Köbler derives it from an unattested Greek word for “fool”, related to that verb, whose own origin is…

It is formed from Latin ovō (“to celebrate a minor triumph, rejoice”) + -tiō, an action noun from the verb. De Vaan reconstructs the verb as Proto-Italic *owā- and compares the cries of joy behind…

The verb is onomatopoeic, imitating the cry of the tiger. The TLL treats ⟨raccō⟩, ⟨rancō⟩ and ⟨rachō⟩ as spellings of one verb.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *rougiō, a verb of sound that the OLD calls onomatopoeic. De Vaan connects it with a root Proto-Indo-European *(H)ru- (“to roar”), which the Indo-European branches…

It is formed from Latin statiō (“post, station”) + -ārius.

It is from Latin super- (“over, beyond”) + vīvō (“to live”). Through Anglo-Norman and Old French souvivre it is the source of English survive.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σύνταξις (súntaxis). The Greek word is formed from σύν (sún) and τάσσω (tássō).

It is from Latin trānseō + -tōrius, from the verb meaning “to go across”; L&S derives it from the noun trānsitus (“passage”). The verb is formed with trāns- on eō (“to go”), which goes back to…

It is an onomatopoeic word.

It is from Latin perpetuus + -ālis. Quintilian formed it to render Ancient Greek καθολικός (katholikós), beside ūniversālis.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek εἰδύλλιον (eidúllion, “short descriptive poem”), literally “a little picture”, a diminutive of εἶδος (eîdos, “form”).

It is formed from Latin voluptās (“pleasure, delight”) + -ōsus. Wiktionary takes the ending ⟨-uōsus⟩ from adjectives such as virtuōsus.

1. The adjective “imported” is from Latin acciō (“to send for, summon”), its past participle used as an adjective. 2. The noun “summons” is from Latin acciō (“to summon”) + -tus, a noun of action…

It is a fourth-declension action noun from Latin aemulor (“to rival, emulate”), with the suffix -tus. The verb is formed from aemulus (“rival”), which de Vaan explains as a diminutive of a noun…

It is from Latin antīquus (“old, ancient”) + -ārius.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek χριστός (khristós, “anointed”), from χρίω (khríō, “to rub, anoint”). The Greek word was used to translate Biblical Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (mašīaḥ, “anointed”), and Latin…

It is formed from Latin circumferēns + -ia, from the present participle of circumferō (“to carry around”). The OLD derives it straight from the verb. The TLL compares Ancient Greek περιφέρεια…

1. The adjective is the perfect passive participle from Latin colligō (“to gather, collect”), used as an adjective. De Vaan lists ⟨colligere⟩ among the compounds of legō (“to gather”), which goes…

It is from Latin dēficiō (“to fail; to revolt”) + -tor, an agent noun. De Vaan lists dēficiō among the compounds of faciō (“to make, do”), whose stem he traces, probably, to Proto-Indo-European…

It is the neuter, used as a noun, of an adjective from Latin dōnō (“to give, present”) + -īvus. De Vaan derives dōnō from dōnum “gift”.

It is from Latin ex- + mercor (“to trade, buy”). That verb is formed from merx (“goods”), which de Vaan derives from a stem *merk- “trade, exchange”, also found in Faliscan and Oscan; he notes that…

It is from Latin exemplum + -āris, Köbler tracing the noun further to eximō.

It is a Germanic word, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *framjō (“lance, spear, javelin”) in the reconstruction Wiktionary calls the most accepted, although the exact form is uncertain. Tacitus says…

It is from Latin impatiēns (“unable to endure”) + -ter. Wiktionary also allows a formation from in- and patienter (“patiently”). The base goes back to patior (“to suffer, endure”), whose further…

It is from Latin īnstīgō + -tor, an agent noun from the verb meaning “to urge on, incite”.

It is borrowed from Koine Greek Ἰωάννης (Iōánnēs), a contraction of Biblical Hebrew יוֹחָנָן (Yôḥānān, “God is gracious”). The Greek name belonged to the first declension, but in Latin it was moved…

It is from Latin irreverēns (“disrespectful”) + -ia. The TLL analyses it instead as in- and reverentia (“respect”). Both go back to revereor (“to stand in awe of”), a compound of vereor (“to be wary…

It is from Latin nōnus (“ninth”) + -ānus, from the feminine ⟨nōna⟩ understood with legiō (“legion”).

It is from Latin per- (“thoroughly, completely”) + nōtēscō (“to become known”).

It is formed from Latin perpendiculum (“plumb line”) + -āris. The base comes from perpendō (“to weigh carefully”).

It is formed from Latin per- + sevērus (“strict, severe”), with the intensifying prefix.

1. The adverb is from Latin prōvideō (“to foresee, provide”): it is the ablative neuter of its past participle prōvīsus, meaning “it having been provided”. Lewis & Short treat it at the end of the…

It is from Latin prōvideō (“to foresee, provide”) + -tus. The verb is a compound of prō- and videō (“to see”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *wid-ē- (“to see”) and Proto-Indo-European *uid-eh1-…

It is from Latin quārtadecima (“fourteenth (legion)”) + -ānus, from the feminine of quārtus decimus (“fourteenth”) agreeing with legiō (“legion”).