Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is from Latin cōpiōsus (“well supplied, abundant”) + -ē. The adjective is made from cōpia (“abundance”), a compound of co- and ops (“power, wealth”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *opi-…

It is from Latin cornū (“horn”) + pēs (“foot”), literally “horn-footed”.

It is from Latin corōlla (“small garland”) + -ārium. That noun is a diminutive of corōna (“crown, garland”).

It is from Latin corōna (“garland, crown”) + -ārius (“adjective suffix”). The noun is a borrowing of Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē), a Greek word for several curved or hooked things, among them a…

It is the perfect passive participle from Latin corporō (“to make into a body, furnish with a body”), used as an adjective; the noun was made from the participle. The verb is formed from corpus…

It is from Latin corrigō (“to straighten, correct”) + -tiō, formed on the stem of the supine ⟨corrēctum⟩. It is also written ⟨conrēctiō⟩ with the unassimilated prefix. Manuscripts often confuse it…

It is formed from Latin con- + rōdō (“to gnaw”), the prefix here meaning “completely” according to Wiktionary. rōdō goes back to Proto-Italic *(w)rōde/o- and Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₃d-e/o- or…

It is from Latin con- + rogō (“to ask”), also spelled ⟨conr-⟩. De Vaan explains rogō as probably a verb made from a noun meaning “stretching out” or “request”, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃roǵ-o-…

The origin of the name is unknown. Wiktionary suggests that it may come from Ancient Ligurian or Etruscan. The Greeks called the island Ancient Greek Κύρνος (Kúrnos) and also Κορσίς (Korsís)…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *kōt- (“whetstone”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe/oh₃-t- (“sharpening”). De Vaan takes it as a t-stem “the sharpening one”, of the same type as sacerdōs…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κρηπίς (krēpís, “man's shoe”), taken from the accusative κρηπῖδα (krēpîda), with its vowels shortened by a shift of the accent. The TLL notes that the word was…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κρηπίς (krēpī́s). The OLD calls the Latin ending unexplained. It is related to crepida (“sandal, sole”).

It is from Latin crīminōsus (“accusatory, slanderous”) + -ē. The adjective is from crīmen (“accusation”), which de Vaan lists among the derivatives of cernō (“to sift, decide”), with the noun traced…

It is from Latin crīmen (“charge, accusation”) + -ōsus.

It is from Latin cubiculum + -ārius, from cubiculum (“bedroom”), itself from cubō (“to lie down”).

It is from Latin cumulātus + -ē, the participle of cumulō (“to heap up”), from cumulus (“heap”). De Vaan derives the noun from Proto-Italic *kumo- and Proto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁-mo- (“heap”), cognate…

It is from Latin cūnae + -bulum, from cūnae (“cradle”) with a suffix for vessels and places. The noun cūnae goes back to Proto-Italic *koina- (“cradle”) and Proto-Indo-European *ḱoi-no- (“lair…

It is formed from Latin cūnctor (“to delay, hesitate”) + -tiō. De Vaan derives the verb from Proto-Italic *konkito- (“hanging”) and Proto-Indo-European *ḱonk-(e)ie- (“to hang”). Cognate with Hittite…

It is from Latin cūnctor (“to delay, hesitate”) + -tor, an agent noun. De Vaan follows the standard view that the verb is a frequentative, or a derivative of a past participle, from Proto-Italic…

The origin is not certain: the OLD marks it as doubtful and the TLL as unknown. According to de Vaan it is inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kut-no- (“scrotum, vagina”), from a root *kut- (“bag”)…

It is from Latin cūria + -ātus. De Vaan reports that cūria is mostly explained as *ko-wir-ijā, an assembly of men, from vir (“man”), and notes that the development must be older than the usual…

It is from Latin cūriōsus (“careful; curious”) + -ē. The adjective is formed from cūra (“care, anxiety”), whose further origin de Vaan finds uncertain; he considers Proto-Italic *kwois-ā- (“care…

It is from Latin cūriōsus + -tās, the abstract noun of the adjective meaning “careful, inquisitive”. The adjective belongs with cūra (“care, anxiety”); de Vaan reports Leumann's view that cūriōsus…

It is from Latin currō (“to run”) + -tō. Priscian notes that such frequentatives are mostly formed from the supine, ⟨cursum⟩ giving ⟨cursō⟩. De Vaan traces currō to Proto-Italic *korse/o- (“to run”)…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κύμβαλον (kúmbalon, “cymbal”), from κύμβη (kúmbē, “bowl, cup”). Köbler takes the Greek word further back to Proto-Indo-European *kumb- (“bend, vessel”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κυνόσουρα (kunósoura, “dog's tail”), from κύων (kúōn, “dog”) and οὐρά (ourá, “tail”).

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect passive participle from Latin damnō (“to condemn”). That verb comes from damnum (“loss, penalty”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *dapno- and…

It is from Latin dē- + albus (“white”), with the verbal suffix of the first conjugation, according to the OLD and the TLL; Wiktionary derives it from albō (“to whiten”). The adjective albus goes…

It is from Latin dēbilis (“weak, crippled”) + -tās. De Vaan explains dēbilis as an old compound of dē- with a noun for strength, from Proto-Indo-European *bel-o- (“strength, power”), cognate with…

It is formed from Latin dēbilis (“crippled, weak”) + -itō, like nōbilitō (“to make famous”). De Vaan explains ⟨dēbilis⟩ as a compound of the type ⟨inermis⟩ “unarmed”, “without strength”, from…

It is from Latin decem (“ten”) + pēs (“foot”), with the second part in the form ⟨-peda⟩. Wiktionary notes that its senses were influenced by Ancient Greek ἄκαινα (ákaina), a ten-foot measure based…

It is formed from Latin decēns + -ia, from the present participle of decet (“it is fitting”). The TLL suggests that Cicero coined it on the model of Ancient Greek εὐπρέπεια (euprépeia…

It is from Latin dēcēdō (“to go away, depart”) + -tiō, formed on the participle stem ⟨dēcess-⟩. dēcēdō is a compound of dē- and cēdō (“to go, proceed”), which de Vaan, following Lubotsky, connects…

It is from Latin dēcēdō (“to go away, retire from office”) + -tor.

It is from Latin dēclāmō (“to declaim, practise speaking”) + -tor, an agent noun. The verb is formed from dē- and clāmō (“to shout”), which de Vaan takes from a lost noun meaning “shout”; it goes…

It is from Latin dē- + clāmō (“to shout”); Etymonline takes ⟨dē-⟩ as perhaps intensive and traces the verb to Proto-Indo-European *kele- (“to shout”).

It is from Latin dēclīnō (“to turn aside; to inflect”) + -tiō. In its grammatical sense it is a calque of Ancient Greek ἔγκλισις (énklisis).

It is from Latin dēcoquō (“to boil down; to become insolvent”) + -tor. The verb, a compound of dē- and coquō (“to cook”), was used of a debtor who could not pay. coquō goes back to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin dē- + color (“colour”), though the TLL allows that it may be a back-formation from dēcolōrō (“to discolour”). De Vaan traces color to Proto-Italic *kelōs- (“outside, aspect”) and…

It is from Latin decōrus (“handsome, seemly”), used as a noun in the neuter. The adjective is formed from decor (“beauty, grace”), a noun which de Vaan takes to be formed productively to decet (“it…

1. The verb “divide into tens” is from Latin decuria (“group of ten”) + -ō. De Vaan derives decuria from ⟨*dek-ur-ia⟩, with a suffix from the word for “four”, and traces decem to Proto-Italic *dekm…

It is from Latin dē- + decet (“it is fitting”). De Vaan traces decet to Proto-Italic *dek-ē- (“fits, is right”) and Proto-Indo-European *deḱ-eh₁-, related to Ancient Greek δέχομαι (dékhomai, “to…

It is from Latin dēdicō (“to dedicate”) + -tiō. De Vaan thinks dicō (“to proclaim, dedicate”) may have been formed back from compounds such as ⟨dēdicāre⟩, built on the root noun of dīcō (“to say”)…

It is formed from Latin dēdō (“to give up, surrender”) + -tiō. The verb is dē- with dō (“to give”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European *deh₃- (“to give”).

It is from Latin dēdō (“to give up, surrender”), its participle, used as an adjective. The verb is from dē- (“away”) and dō (“to give”), which de Vaan derives from Proto-Indo-European *deh₃- (“to…

It is from Latin dēdūcō (“to lead away, bring down”) + -tiō. dēdūcō is a compound of dē (“down from”) and dūcō (“to lead”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *douk-e- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin dēficiō (“to fail, revolt”) + -tiō. ⟨Dēficiō⟩ is a compound of dē- and faciō (“to make, do”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *faki- and Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to…

It is from Latin dēfīniō (“to define, limit”) + -īvus, formed on the participle stem of the verb, dēfīnītus.

It is from Latin dēfīniō (“to bound, fix, define”), its perfect participle used as an adjective. That verb is a compound of dē- and fīniō (“to bound, limit”), from fīnis (“boundary”).

It is from Latin dē- + flectō (“to bend”). De Vaan reconstructs flectō as Proto-Italic *flek-t-, perhaps with a suffix ⟨-t-⟩ on the model of plectō (“to plait”), and finds no clear cognates…

It is from Latin dēfōrmis (“misshapen, ugly”) + -tās. dēfōrmis is formed from fōrma (“shape, beauty”), whose origin de Vaan finds unclear: it may go back to *morma, and it and Ancient Greek μορφή…

The OLD and the TLL take it as from Latin dē- (“down, away from”) + genus (“birth, race”), a verb in -ō; Lewis & Short and Wiktionary derive it from the adjective dēgener (“unworthy of one's race”)…

It is from Latin dē- + lābor (“to glide, slip”). De Vaan lists lābor with the family of labō (“to totter”).

It is from Latin dēferō (“to bring down; to report, denounce”) + -tiō, from the participle stem ⟨dēlāt-⟩. De Vaan explains the participle lātus of ferō as continuing an old participle of the root of…

It is from Latin dēlēgō (“to assign, delegate”) + -tiō, formed on the stem of the supine ⟨dēlēgātum⟩.

It is from Latin dēlīberō (“to consider”) + -tiō. dēlīberō is made from dē- and lībra “balance, pound”. De Vaan traces lībra to Proto-Italic *leiþra- (“pound”).

It is from Latin dē- (“down”) + mergō (“to dip, sink”). De Vaan traces mergō to Proto-Italic *mezge/o- and Proto-Indo-European *mesg- (“to sink, wash”). Cognate with Lithuanian mazgóti (“to wash”)…

It is from Latin dēmōlior + -tiō, the noun of action of dēmōlior (“to throw off, demolish”). That verb is a compound of dē- and mōlior (“to labour, build up”), from mōlēs (“mass; effort”).

It is from Latin dēmōnstrō (“to point out, show”) + -tiō, formed on the stem of the supine ⟨dēmōnstrātum⟩.

It is from Latin dē- + notō (“to mark”). Wiktionary traces notō to nōscō (“to know”), but de Vaan holds that nota (“mark”), from which the verb is derived, cannot come from the root of that verb…