Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is from Latin commoveō (“to move violently, disturb”) + -tiō, a noun of action formed on the participle stem ⟨commōt-⟩ of the verb.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κωμῳδός (kōmōidós, “comic actor, comic poet”). Cōmoedia comes from the same Greek family.

It is from Latin comparō (“to compare”) + -īvus, formed on the participle stem ⟨comparāt-⟩ of the verb.

It is from Latin comperendinus, said of the day on which an adjourned trial was resumed, which is a compound of con- and perendinus (“of the day after tomorrow”). De Vaan derives ⟨perendinus⟩ from…

It is from Latin compīlō (“to plunder, pillage”) + -tiō, a noun of action formed on the participle stem ⟨compīlāt-⟩ of the verb.

It is from Latin compleō (“to fill up”) + -mentum.

It is from Latin con- + plōrō (“to wail”). De Vaan finds no etymology for plōrō; Walde–Hofmann and Ernout–Meillet thought likely the ancient view that explōrō first meant to scout a hunting ground…

It is from Latin compositus (“well arranged, composed”) + -ē, the participle of compōnō (“to put together, arrange”).

It is formed from Latin comprehendō + -bilis, from the verb meaning “to seize, grasp; to perceive”. Lewis and Short think Cicero probably first used it, rendering the Greek philosophical term…

It is formed from Latin comprehendō + -tiō, from comprehendō (“to grasp, seize; to include; to understand”).

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect participle from Latin cōmō (“to arrange, adorn”). De Vaan explains that verb as a compound of emō in its old sense “to take”, going back to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin concinō (“to sing together”) + -tus. De Vaan traces canō (“to sing”) to Proto-Italic *kan-e(je)- and Proto-Indo-European *kh₂n-e- (“to sing”). The TLL thinks Cicero probably coined…

It is from Latin concēdō (“to give way, grant”) + -tus. That verb is a compound of con- and cēdō (“to go, yield”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kesd-e/o- (“to go away, avoid”).

It is from Latin conciliō (“to bring together, win over”) + -tiō. The verb is formed from concilium (“assembly, council”), which de Vaan lists among the derivatives of calō (“to call”), going back…

1. The adjective “favourably disposed” is from Latin conciliō (“to bring together, win over”), its perfect participle. That verb is formed from concilium (“assembly, union”), which de Vaan places…

It is the past participle from Latin concīdō (“to cut up”), used as an adjective. The verb is formed from con-, here perhaps intensive, and caedō (“to cut”). The simple verb goes back to…

It is from Latin concitō (“to set in rapid motion, stir up”) + -tiō, an action noun. De Vaan dates concitō from Accius; it belongs to the family of cieō (“to set in motion”), which fell out of use…

It is from Latin concitō (“to stir up, rouse”) + -tor. That verb is formed with con- from citō (“to set in motion”), the frequentative of cieō (“to stir, move”), which it replaced in Classical Latin.

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect participle from Latin concitō (“to set in rapid motion, stir up”). That verb is con- with citō (“to set in motion”), the frequentative of cieō “to set…

It is from Latin concumbō (“to lie together”) + -īnus according to the OLD; the TLL takes it as the masculine formed to concubīna (“concubine”), which is far more frequent. De Vaan lists that noun…

It is from Latin concursō (“to run to and fro”) + -tiō. concursō is a frequentative of concurrō (“to run together”), from currō (“to run”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *korse/o- and…

It is formed from Latin condemnō (“to condemn”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin con- (“with, together”) + discipulus (“pupil”). The origin of discipulus is uncertain: Walde and Hofmann derived it from a verb compounded of dis- and capiō (“to take”), meaning “to…

It is from Latin condūcō (“to bring together; to hire”) + -tiō. The verb is made from con- and dūcō (“to lead”).

1. The adjective is the participle from Latin cōnectō (“to join, connect”). That verb is a compound of con- and nectō (“to bind”). The origin of ⟨nectō⟩ is unclear: an old proposal takes it as a…

It is from Latin cōnficiō (“to make, complete”) + -tiō.

It is formed from Latin cōnfiteor (“to confess”) + -tiō. De Vaan derives fateor (“to admit”) from Proto-Italic *fat-ē- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-to- (“spoken”), cognate with Oscan fatíum (“to…

It is from Latin cōnfiteor (“to admit, confess”), its past participle, used as an adjective. That verb is a compound of com- and fateor (“to admit”). Italian confesso continues it.

It is from Latin cōnfundō (“to pour together, mix, confuse”) + -tiō. De Vaan lists cōnfundō under fundō “to pour”, which he traces to Proto-Italic *χund- and Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰu-n-d- (“to…

It is from Latin con- (“together, thoroughly”) + gemō (“to groan”). The origin of gemō is uncertain. Most scholars connected it with Ancient Greek γέμω (gémō, “to be full”), but de Vaan finds the…

It is from Latin congregō (“to flock together, assemble”) + -tiō. The verb is made from con- and grex (“flock”).

It is formed from Latin coniūrō (“to swear together, conspire”) + -tiō. The verb is formed from con- (“together”) and iūrō (“to swear”), which de Vaan explains as a denominative of iūs (“law”)…

It is from Latin conquīrō + -tiō, the noun of action of conquīrō (“to seek out, collect”). That verb is a compound of com- and quaerō (“to seek”).

It is from Latin con- + salūtō (“to greet”). salūtō is made from salūs (“health, safety”), which de Vaan treats with salvus (“whole, safe”); he traces that to Proto-Italic *salu- (“whole, healthy”)…

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin cōnscelerō (“to defile with crime”). That verb is built on scelus (“crime”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *skelos and…

It is from Latin cōnsecrō (“to dedicate, make sacred”) + -tiō. De Vaan lists that verb among the derivatives of sacer (“sacred”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *sakro- (“sacred”) and…

It is formed from Latin con- (“together, thoroughly”) + sacrō (“to make sacred”), from sacer (“sacred”). De Vaan derives ⟨sacer⟩, Old Latin ⟨sakros⟩ on the Forum cippus, from Proto-Italic *sakro-…

It is from Latin cōnsequēns (“following”) + -ia, the present participle of cōnsequor (“to follow”).

It is from Latin cōnservō (“to preserve”) + -tor. cōnservō is a compound of servō (“to keep, watch”), which de Vaan, following Rix, derives from an old noun Proto-Italic *serwā- (“observation”)…

It is from Latin cōnsīderātus (“deliberate, cautious”) + -ē, the adverb of the participle of cōnsīderō (“to examine, reflect on”).

It is from Latin cōnsilium (“counsel, deliberation”), a deponent verb formed on the noun. De Vaan derives cōnsilium from cōnsul, which belongs with cōnsulō (“to deliberate, consult”).

It is from Latin cōnsōlor (“to console”) + -tiō. De Vaan lists cōnsōlor among the derivatives of sōlor (“to comfort”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *sōl- and Proto-Indo-European *sōlh₂- (“mercy…

It is from Latin cōnsōlor (“to console”) + -tor.

It is formed from Latin cōnstāns (“steady, firm”) + -ter, the adverb suffix. ⟨cōnstāns⟩ is the participle of cōnstō (“to stand firm”), from con- and stō (“to stand”), which de Vaan traces to…

It is formed from Latin cōnsul (“consul”) + -āris.

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin contāminō (“to pollute, spoil”). De Vaan traces the verb back to Proto-Italic *tag(s)men (“contact”) and Proto-Indo-European *th₂g-men-…

It is from Latin contemplor (“to gaze at, observe”) + -tiō. The verb belongs to templum (“sacred precinct”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *t(e)mp-lo- and Proto-Indo-European *t(e)mp-lo-…

1. The adjective is from Latin contemnō (“to despise”), its past participle, used as an adjective. De Vaan finds that ⟨contemnō⟩ is older than the simple temnō, a later back-formation; the source of…

It is from Latin continēns (“continuous; self-restrained”) + -ter, from the present participle of contineō (“to hold together”), a compound of con- and teneō (“to hold”). De Vaan traces teneō to…

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect passive participle from Latin continuō (“to join together, continue”).

It is from Latin cōntiō (“assembly, public meeting”) + -or. De Vaan traces cōntiō to Proto-Italic *ko(m)-wentiōn-, a form with ⟨*kom-⟩ “together” of Proto-Indo-European *gʷm-ti- (“the coming”); the…

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin contorqueō (“to twist, whirl”). That verb is made of con- and torqueō (“to twist”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *torkʷ-eie- and…

It is from Latin contrahō (“to draw together, shorten”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin con- + trucīdō (“to slaughter”). De Vaan lists trucīdō among the derivatives of trux (“savage”); it has been explained as a shortened ⟨*truki-kīdāre⟩ or as “hacking in four pieces”…

It is formed from Latin con- + taberna (“hut, booth”) + -ium, “sharing a hut or tent”. De Vaan derives ⟨taberna⟩ from ⟨*trab-erna⟩, a derivative of trabs (“beam”) with the first /r/ lost by…

It is from Latin contumāx (“stubborn, defiant”) + -ia. The origin of the adjective has been disputed since antiquity: the OLD analyses it as con- with the root of temnō (“to despise”) or of tumeō…

It is from Latin contumāx (“stubborn, defiant”) + -ter. The origin of contumāx is uncertain: the OLD suggests con- with the root of temnō (“to despise”) or tumeō (“to swell”), and de Vaan a verb…

It is from Latin conveniēns (“suitable, consistent”) + -ter, the present participle of conveniō (“to come together, agree, suit”), itself from veniō (“to come”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin conveniō (“to come together, agree”), the neuter of its perfect participle used as a noun. That verb is a compound of com- and veniō (“to come”), which goes back to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin con- + optō (“to choose”). De Vaan traces optō to Proto-Italic *opeje- (“to choose, grab”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁op-eie- (“to choose, grab”).