tudes

Forms

tudes or tudēs m (genitive tuditis or tudis); third declension^[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin tundō (“to strike, beat”), formed on its root ⟨tud-⟩ with the suffix -ēs.^[2][3] The verb goes back to Proto-Italic *(s)tund- and Proto-Indo-European *(s)tu-n-d- (“to thrust”),^[3] the root of Sanskrit तुदति (tudáti, “to thrust”).^[3] Festus derives it from the verb (⟨a tundendo⟩), and says that the cognomen Tuditanus was given to a man whose head was like a hammer.^[2][4]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is known from Festus and the epitome of Festus, meaning a hammer or mallet: tudites were what the ancients called hammers.^[3][4][2]

Semantic evolution

L&S cite it also from the poem Aetna, of smiths beating metal with hammers, where Georges follows the manuscripts in reading rudibus.^[4][5] Niermeyer records it as a medieval word for a hammer,^[6] and Köbler notes the medieval name Carolus Tudites for Charles Martel.^[7]

Timeline

• second half of the 2nd century AD – Festus explains tudites as hammers.^[4][5][7]
• 8th century AD – Paul the Deacon's epitome of Festus repeats the explanation.^[2][7]

Meanings

Noun

1. A hammer, mallet.^[2][4][6]

Word family

• tudicula
• tuditō

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b c d de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
4. ^ a b c d e Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
5. ^ a b Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
6. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
7. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de