suborior

Forms

suborior (present infinitive suborīrī, perfect active subortus sum); fourth conjugation, deponent^[1][2] Conte and VOLI also give third-conjugation forms such as suboreris.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is from Latin sub- + orior (“to rise, arise”).^[1][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Its earliest uses are in the comic poet Atta, of seditious talk that tends to spring up,^[1][2] and in Lucretius, of a supply of matter that must keep arising from the infinite.^[1][4]

Semantic evolution

Lucretius uses it of matter coming into being to replace what is used up,^[1] and Pliny the Elder of a wealth of metals renewing itself through so many ages.^[1][5] Seneca has it of tears welling up in the eyes (lacrimae suboriuntur oculīs tuīs).^[1][2] Later writers such as Arnobius and Augustine used it,^[5][2] Boethius of a difficult question arising,^[6] and Stelten records it in Ecclesiastical Latin as “arise, proceed”.^[7]

Timeline

• first quarter of the 1st century BC – Atta uses it of talk springing up.^[1][4]
• 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of matter arising to replace what is lost.^[1][4]
• 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of tears welling up.^[1][4]
• 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of metals renewing themselves.^[1][4]
• 354–430 AD – Augustine uses it.^[2][4]

Meanings

Verb

1. (of liquid) To well up, spring up;^[1][2] (of speech, thoughts) to arise.^[1][2]
2. To come into being in succession, be renewed, be replenished.^[1][6][8]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier
3. ^ a b Bianchi, Rossella; Lelli, Olga (2014), VOLI: Vocabolario di latino, Florence: Le Monnier
4. ^ a b c d e f Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
5. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
6. ^ a b Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
7. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
8. ^ Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.