imperturbatus

Forms

imperturbātus (feminine imperturbāta, neuter imperturbātum); first/second-declension adjective^[1] It is also spelled inperturbātus.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + perturbātus (“disturbed”),^[2][4][1] from the participle of perturbō (“to upset, disrupt”), a compound of turbō¹ (“to agitate”), which comes from turba (“turmoil, crowd”).^[5][6] The origin of turba is unclear; de Vaan finds it most like Ancient Greek τύρβη (túrbē, “noise, commotion”).^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

The TLL's first passage is in Ovid's Ibis, of what an accused man once drank with untroubled face: inperturbato quod bibit ore reus.^[4][3]

Semantic evolution

Lewis & Short call it very rare.^[3] Seneca, from whom Köbler dates it,^[6] uses it of quiet undisturbed by public business and of the steadfast man, who is untroubled.^[3] Pliny the Younger says he listens imperturbatus, interritus, untroubled and unafraid.^[3] The glossaries explain it with inconcussus and incommotus, unshaken and unmoved.^[4]

Timeline

• 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid, of an untroubled face.^[4][6]
• 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca, of quiet and of the steadfast man.^[3][6]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Undisturbed, untroubled, serene, unruffled.^[2][3][1]

Related words

• perturbō
• turba

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b c d e f g Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
4. ^ a b c d Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
5. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
6. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de