Hungarian words first recorded in the 12th century

Its origin is uncertain. The usual explanation is that it is inherited from Proto-Uralic *śeppä (“skilful”), inherited from the Finno-Ugric period: TESz offers it with a “perhaps”, EWUng and ÚESz as…

It is inherited from Proto-Uralic *pojka (“son, boy”), one of the words Hungarian inherited from the Finno-Ugric period. Its cognates are Mansi püw, Komi-Zyrian pi, Udmurt pi, Finnish poika and…

1. The verb “to live” is inherited from Proto-Uralic *elä- (“to live”), one of the words Hungarian inherited from the Uralic period. Its cognates are Mansi ilt- (“to recover”), Khanty jilpət- (“to…

1. The verb “to hold, to catch” is inherited from Proto-Ugric *puŋɜ- (“to catch, to seize”), one of the words Hungarian inherited from the Ugric period. Its only cognate is in Mansi: Mansi pow- (“to…

It is inherited from Proto-Ugric *jomɜ (“good”), one of the words Hungarian inherited from the Ugric period. Its nearest relatives are in the Ob-Ugric languages: Mansi jomas and Khanty jĕm, both…

It is probably a fixed case form made in Hungarian: the stem of más “other” with the lative suffix ⟨-i⟩. The sound changes were probably ⟨*mai̯⟩ > ⟨má⟩ > ⟨ma⟩. It was first an adverb of place and…

Its origin is uncertain. ÚESz and Zaicz suggest that it is inherited from Proto-Uralic *mᴕrɜ- (“to hold back”), a stem of the Uralic period, with the Hungarian frequentative suffix ⟨-d⟩. The…

The origin is uncertain. TESz and ÚESz think it may be inherited from Proto-Uralic *tarttɜ- (“to stick, get caught”), a word of the Finno-Ugric period. The comparison rests on Finnish tarttua (“to…

It is inherited from Proto-Uralic *tumte- (“to feel, to know”), one of the words Hungarian inherited from the Uralic period. Its cognates are Komi-Zyrian te̮d-, Udmurt tod-, Finnish tuntea (“to…

It is inherited from Proto-Uralic *wole- (“to be, to become”), one of the words Hungarian inherited from the Finno-Ugric period. Its cognates are Mansi āl-, Khanty wǎl- (“to live, to be”)…

It is inherited from Proto-Uralic *kerä- (“to ask, to request”), one of the words Hungarian inherited from the Finno-Ugric period. The related verbs are Komi-Zyrian kor- (“to ask, demand, invite”)…

1. The verb “to wait” is inherited from Proto-Ugric *warɜ- (“to guard, wait”), one of the words Hungarian inherited from the Ugric period. Its only certain cognates are in Mansi: Mansi ōr- (“to…

It is inherited from Proto-Uralic *amta- (“to give”), one of the words Hungarian inherited from the Finno-Ugric period. Its cognates are Komi-Zyrian ud- (“to give to drink”), Udmurt ud- (“to give to…

It is inherited from Proto-Uralic *o (“that, that other”), one of the pronoun stems Hungarian inherited from the Uralic period, with the pronoun-forming suffix ⟨-z⟩ of Hungarian. TESz and the MSzFE…

Its origin is not settled. TESz calls it of unknown origin: it was at first an emphatic adverb or an interjection of affirmation, and became the conjunction of restrictive, intensifying and…

It was formed in Hungarian, but how is disputed. The first explanation takes it for a fixed case form: the near demonstrative e (“this”) (see ez) with the ablative suffix ⟨-l⟩, the /l/ becoming /ɟ/…

It is probably a compound formed in Hungarian from two elements of its oldest stock, which stopped being felt as a compound very early. The first element, ⟨em-⟩, not recorded on its own, is taken to…

It was formed in Hungarian, but its origin is not settled: TESz calls it of unknown origin, while ÚESz and Zaicz take it for a probable compound. According to ÚESz and Zaicz an originally emphatic…

It is inherited from Proto-Uralic *sewe- (“to eat”), a Finno-Ugric stem with a Hungarian suffix. The cognates are Mansi tī-, Khanty li-, Komi-Zyrian śoj-, Udmurt śi-, Erzya śeve- (“to consume”)…

It is inherited from Proto-Uralic *e- (“this”), one of the pronoun stems Hungarian inherited from the Uralic period, with the pronoun-forming suffix ⟨-z⟩. ÚESz, EWUng and Zaicz reconstruct the…

1. The verb meaning “to hear” probably arose from two old verbs that fell together: an old Old Hungarian *hal “to hear” and hadl “to listen, pay attention; learn of”. The first is inherited from…

It is a Hungarian formation on the interrogative and relative pronoun stem Hungarian inherited from the Uralic period, Proto-Uralic *ku- (“who? which? what?”) (also *ko-); how it was formed is…

Its origin is disputed. ÚESz, EWUng and Zaicz take it for a compound formed in Hungarian: an emphatic particle ⟨s⟩ (compare ⟨S-mongyat⟩ “tell me, then” in the Jókai Codex) was preceded by an element…

Its origin is uncertain. TESz, EWUng and Zaicz take it for a derivative formed from Hungarian is (“forefather”) + -t + -n, from ⟨is⟩, an older variant of ⟨ős⟩ “forefather”, with the diminutive…

It is inherited from the Finno-Ugric period, but its cognates are disputed. ÚESz and EWUng give two explanations. The first takes it for the meeting of two Finno-Ugric verbs: inherited from…

It is probably inherited from Proto-Uralic *lᴕttɜ- (“to see”), one of the words Hungarian inherited from the Uralic period. The only proposed cognates are in the Samoyedic languages: Tundra Nenets…

It is from Hungarian mag (“seed, kernel”) + -a, a possessive form fixed as a word, literally “its body”; beside it a whole series grew up with the other personal endings (magam, magad …). The base…

It is a case form that hardened into an adverb: from Hungarian mög (“the area behind something”) + -é (“to (lative suffix)”), built like mögé “to behind”, from the older form of the noun, Old…

It is from Hungarian mi (“what”) + -ért (“for”), the case form of the interrogative pronoun with the causal-final suffix, fixed as an adverb: “for what?”, hence “why?”. The pronoun is one of the…

It is probably inherited from Proto-Uralic *monɜ- (“to say, tell”), a stem of the Uralic period, with the Hungarian frequentative suffix -d. ÚESz gives as cognates of the stem Eastern Mari mana-…

Its origin is unknown. TESz, which calls it uncertain, considered a Hungarian derivative with a suffix ⟨-p⟩ of a stem ⟨na-⟩ inherited from the Ugric period, comparing Mansi näj (“fire; sun”) and…

It is inherited from Proto-Uralic *sᴕ̈ (“he, she”), one of the words Hungarian inherited from the Finno-Ugric period. The cognates are Mansi tüw, Erzya son, Moksha son, Finnish hän and Northern Sami…

It is inherited from Proto-Uralic *te (“you (plural)”), one of the words Hungarian inherited from the Uralic period. ÚESz and the UEW write the Uralic form *tȣ̈. Its relatives are Komi-Zyrian ti…

It is formed from a stem of the Finno-Ugric period, inherited from Proto-Uralic *walkɜ (“white, bright, shining; to shine”), with the Hungarian deverbal noun suffix ⟨-g⟩, as in csillag and harag…

It is a derivative of an old verb stem with the momentane suffix -t. ÚESz and Zaicz take that stem to be the verbal side of an ancient noun-verb whose nominal side is szer “group, community; order”…

1. The verb “to stand” is inherited from Proto-Uralic *salkɜ- (“to stand”), a word Hungarian inherited from the Finno-Ugric period. Its cognates are Komi-Zyrian sulal- and Udmurt si̮l- (“to stand…

It is a case form that became fixed in Hungarian: the stem ⟨el-⟩ “front part” of elő with the lative suffix -é, which marked movement towards a place. The original form ⟨elé⟩ had the same make-up as…

It is a lexicalised case form: the noun föl “upper part”, in its older variant with ⟨e⟩, took the lative suffix -é, giving felé “upwards”. Before verbs, as a preverb, the final vowel shortened and…

Its origin is disputed. EWUng, Zaicz and Wiktionary take it as a loan made before the Hungarian conquest from a Turkic language of the Chuvash type, borrowed from Proto-Oghur *ǰärmük (“young…

Its origin is uncertain. ÚESz and Zaicz take it as perhaps a derivative of a stem that is not found on its own and whose origin is unknown: the final ⟨-r⟩ would be a frequentative suffix, and the…

It is formed with the frequentative suffix -d from a stem that is not recorded on its own and whose origin is unknown. The suffix is the one in mond, kérd and küzd. A derivation from kéz (“hand”)…

It is from Hungarian mind (“all”) + -n, a case form fixed as a word; the ⟨-n⟩ is most likely the ending of manner found also in mennyi and mint, and on this view the word at first meant “all…

It is a lexicalised case form: from Hungarian mi (“what”) + -n + -t, the pronoun “what?” with the suffix of manner and the locative suffix, as in naponta and havonta. It was probably first an…

It is from Hungarian szó (“word”) + -l, a verb formed in Hungarian from the noun with the verb-forming suffix. The dictionaries treat it under the noun, among its oldest derivatives. The noun goes…

It is inherited from Proto-Uralic *tinä (“you (singular)”), one of the words Hungarian inherited from the Uralic period. Its cognates are found across the family: Komi-Zyrian te, Udmurt ton, Western…

It is a Hungarian formation from the demonstrative pronoun az “that”, built on an older form of its stem with a closer vowel, ⟨o-⟩. How the ending ⟨gy⟩ arose is disputed, and the sources give two…