*tīdi

Reconstruction

Wiktionary reconstructs *tīdi for Proto-West Germanic.^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *tīdiz (“time”), according to Wiktionary.^[1] Kroonen cites the Proto-Germanic word by its stem *tīdi-, Orel as *tīđiz, and Köbler as *tīdi-, *tīdiz.^[2][3][4]

Morphology

A feminine i-stem.^[5][2] Old High German zīt is both a feminine i-stem and a neuter a-stem, and the manuscript P of the Isidor translation has forms of both genders with grammatical change, which Schaffner traces to Proto-Germanic *tīþi- and *tīþa-; the other old Germanic languages, as far as can be seen, continue only the feminine i-stem.^[6]

Evidence

The noun is attested in all the West Germanic languages: Old English tīd, Old Frisian tīd, Old Saxon tīd and Old High German zīt, as well as Old Norse tíð.^[2] Old Saxon has it in the Heliand,^[7] and Old High German in glosses and in Otfrid, Tatian and Notker.^[6] Old Dutch has tit in the Old Low and Middle Franconian psalms and ⟨ziid⟩ in Williram's commentary of about 1100.^[8][9]

Meanings

1. time, period, interval^[1]

Old English also used the word for "season", "hour" and "feast",^[10] Old Saxon for "hour",^[7] and Old High German for "age" and "hour".^[11] Kroonen thinks that the related verb, Old English tīdan (“to betide, to happen”) and Old Frisian tīdia (“to strive, to appeal”), keeps the oldest meaning, "to strive", which suits a link with Proto-Germanic *tila- "goal, occasion".^[2]

Derivatives

• *tīdijan "to strive for; to happen", which Wiktionary reconstructs;^[12] Kroonen derives the Old English and Old Frisian verbs from Proto-Germanic *tīdōjan-.^[2]

Reflexes

• Old English: tīd (“time, period, season, hour, feast”)^[10]
• Old Frisian: tīd (“time, occasion, hour”)^[13]
• Old Saxon: tīd (“time, hour”)^[7]
• Old Dutch: tit (“time”)^[8]
• Old High German: zīt (“time, age, hour”)^[11]

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *tīdi
2. ^ a b c d e Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 516
3. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 407
4. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Germanisches Wörterbuch, 5th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. *tīdi-
5. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altenglisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. tīd
6. ^ a b Schaffner, Stefan (2001), Das Vernersche Gesetz und der innerparadigmatische grammatische Wechsel des Urgermanischen im Nominalbereich, Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 103, Innsbruck, p. 481
7. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altsächsisches Wörterbuch, 5th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. tīd
8. ^ a b Oudnederlands Woordenboek (2009–), Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal, Leiden; gtb.ivdnt.org, p. s.v. tīt
9. ^ Köbler, Gerhard, Altniederfränkisches Wörterbuch, online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. tīd
10. ^ a b Holthausen, Ferdinand (1934), Altenglisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. s.v. tīd
11. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 6th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. zīt
12. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *tīdijan
13. ^ Hofmann, Dietrich; Popkema, Anne Tjerk (2008), Altfriesisches Handwörterbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. s.v. tīd