Etymologically

moitié

Etymology and origin of the French word moitié

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
c. 1100, Chanson de Roland (meitiet)
Inherited from
Latin medietas via Old French
Ultimate origin
Latin (medius)

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /mwa.tje/[1]
  • IPA (Louisiana): [mo.t͡ʃe][1]

Forms

moitié f (plural moitiés)[1] Old French meitiet (1080), meitié (about 1155), moitié (12th century).[2][3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Old French meitié, inherited from Latin medietās (“middle, centre, (late) half”), from its accusative “medietātem”.[4][5][6][3][7][1] The Latin noun was formed from medius (“middle”) (see mi-) and seems to have been coined by Cicero to translate Ancient Greek μεσότης (mesótēs, “mean”); he apologises for using it, and Bloch and Wartburg take it for a word of familiar speech.[4][5][6] médiété is a learned doublet.[1]

Cognate with Old Occitan meitat, Spanish mitad, Portuguese metade and Italian metà.[8] English moiety comes from the same Latin word.[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

In the Chanson de Roland (about 1100) meitiet is one of the two equal parts of an uncountable whole: Demi Espaigne vus durat il en fiet, L'altre meitet avrat Rollant “he will give you half of Spain in fief, Roland will have the other half”.[4]

Semantic evolution

Of a countable whole it is in Benoît de Sainte-Maure (about 1165).[4] It soon wavered between a loose sense (la moitié du temps, 1690) and an exact one (1340–80), especially in mathematics.[4][5] In the 16th century sa moitié came to mean a loved one, probably after Plato's myth of the androgyne, well known in the Renaissance (Héroët, 1542, Ronsard, 1552); it became jocular for a wife in comedy (Molière, 1662).[4][5] Old French de la mité (about 1170) was remade as de moitié (1596), whence être de moitié avec qqn (1671); moitié … moitié is from 1179 and moitié-moitié from 1318.[5][4]

Timeline

  • c. 1100 – Meitiet, Chanson de Roland.[4]
  • c. 1165 – Of a countable whole.[4]
  • 1318 – Moitié-moitié.[5]
  • 1542 – Sa moitié, a loved one, Héroët.[4]
  • 1662 – Votre moitié, a wife, Molière.[4]
  • 1671 – Être de moitié avec qqn.[4]

Meanings

Noun

  1. half, one of two equal parts: cinq est la moitié de dix, couper en deux moitiés.[9][10]
  2. About half, a large part: la moitié du temps, une bonne moitié.[9][2]
  3. À moitié: half, partly: à moitié plein, à moitié prix.[1][9]
  4. Moitié … moitié, moitié-moitié: half and half; fifty-fifty.[5]
  5. (familiar, jocular) One's other half, wife or husband: ma moitié, sa tendre moitié.[1][5]

Word family

  • métayer
  • métairie
  • métayage
  • mitoyen

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse
  3. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
  6. ^ a b Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France
  7. ^ Wartburg, Walther von, et al. (1922–2002), Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, 25 vols., Bonn / Leipzig / Basel: Klopp / Teubner / Zbinden, p. 6/1, 606b
  8. ^ Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette
  9. ^ a b c Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
  10. ^ Dictionnaire de français Larousse, larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais (accessed 2024)

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Moitié.” Etymologically, 18 Oct. 2026, etymologically.com/fr/moiti%C3%A9. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

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