hastiar

Forms

hastiar (first-person singular present hastío, first-person singular preterite hastié, past participle hastiado)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Old Spanish fastiar, inherited from Late Latin fastīdiāre (“to loathe”), a Late Latin form of the classical verb of the fourth conjugation.^[2][1][3] The Old Spanish form appears in the 13th-century Alfonsine translation of a treatise on hunting birds.^[4] Corominas treats the verb as a derivative of hastío, dates it only from about 1600, and notes that the earlier form was enhastiar, which Nebrija records.^[5][6] The Academy's dictionary of 1884 also derived it from that noun.^[7]

The classical verb is formed from Latin fastīdium (“loathing, disgust”).^[8] The verb survives in Portuguese fastiar and in Navarre, and Galician has fasquiar, influenced by asco.^[9] French fâcher (“to anger”) probably goes back to Vulgar Latin *fasticāre, formed from the same Late Latin verb by a change of suffix.^[10] The learned doublet is fastidiar, recorded from 1463.^[5][6]

Earliest recorded meaning

The Alfonsine Moamín, of the second half of the 13th century, advises feeding hunting birds warm milk or butter but not too much, por tal que se non fastien “so that they do not grow sick of it”: the sense is loss of appetite.^[4] DEMel cites a record of 1386 in López de Ayala's book on hunting birds.^[11]

Semantic evolution

The verb began with the physical sense of loathing food and spread to boredom and weariness with anything.^[4][2] Nebrija's enhastiar glosses Latin “to cause disgust”, and Covarrubias has enfastiar.^[5] In 1513 Herrera's book on agriculture calls livestock that refuse fodder enhastiadas.^[12]

The Diccionario de Autoridades equated the verb with fastidiar, quoting the Inca Garcilaso and Villegas.^[13] The Academy marked it as obsolete in 1843, but dropped the label by 1869.^[14][15] Today it means to cause boredom or disgust, and is also used reflexively, hastiarse de algo “to grow weary of something”.^[2][16] Corominas notes that fastidiar in the modern sense of “to annoy” is still very rare in the Golden Age.^[5]

Timeline

• 1250–1300 – Moamín's treatise on hunting birds has the Old Spanish form fastiar, said of birds that lose their appetite.^[4]
• 1386 – DEMel cites López de Ayala's book on hunting birds.^[11]
• 1463 – the learned doublet fastidiar appears in Juan de Lucena.^[5]
• c. 1495 – Nebrija records enhastiar and hastío.^[5][6]
• 1513 – Herrera's Obra de agricultura uses the participle enhastiadas of livestock.^[12]
• c. 1600 – Corominas's date for the form hastiar.^[5][6]
• 1843 – the Academy labels the verb obsolete.^[14]
• 1884 – the Academy derives it from hastío.^[7]

Meanings

Verb

1. To bore, weary or sicken someone: Tanta palabrería acabó por hastiar al público.^[2][16][1]
2. (reflexive, with de) To grow tired or sick of something: Se hastió de la vida en la ciudad.^[2][16][1]

Related words

• hastío
• hastioso
• fastidiar
• fastidio
• Latin fastīdium
• Portuguese fastiar

Usage notes

It is conjugated like desviar, with a stressed í in hastío, hastías, hastía.^[16][1] The first person hastío has the same form as the noun hastío.^[1]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. hastiar
3. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 3215
4. ^ a b c d Kasten, Lloyd A.; Nitti, John J.; Gago Jover, Francisco (2002–), Diccionario de la prosa castellana del Rey Alfonso X, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies (electronic edition 2024), p. s.v. hastiar
5. ^ a b c d e f g Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 3, 324
6. ^ a b c d Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. hastío
7. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1884), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 12th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Gregorio Hernando (the first Academy edition with etymologies), p. 556
8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
9. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. art. 2703
10. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. fâcher
11. ^ a b Diccionario del Español Medieval electrónico (DEMel), data publication 2026 (CC BY-SA), Universität Rostock, p. s.v. hastiar
12. ^ a b Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. hastiar
13. ^ Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 4, 130
14. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1843), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 9th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Francisco María Fernández, p. 381
15. ^ Real Academia Española (1869), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 11th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de Don Manuel Rivadeneyra, p. 404
16. ^ a b c d Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. hastiar