Spanish words first recorded in the 13th century

It is borrowed from Andalusian Arabic القبة (alqúbba), from Arabic قبة (qubba, “vault, dome”). The Academy takes the Arabic word back to Middle Persian gumbad (“dome of a fire temple”). The ⟨al-⟩ is…

It is inherited from Late Latin nātīvitās (“birth”); Old Spanish nadvidad and navidat are its oldest forms. The BDELC and the Academy's dictionary from 1884 describe it as a shortening of natividad…

It is a Germanic word, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *saliz (“hall, house”), the name of a building that consisted of a single large reception room. Corominas thinks it uncertain whether it came into…

It is borrowed from Latin horribilis (“terrifying, dreadful”), a learned word. The Latin adjective is formed from horreō (“to bristle, to stand on end; to shudder”) with the suffix -bilis. The Latin…

It is borrowed from Latin reclāmō (“to cry out against, protest; to call repeatedly”), a compound of re- (“back, again”) and clāmō (“to shout, call”). Corominas lists it among the learned words of…

Corominas takes it as an expressive creation, at first a word of children's speech, shared by Castilian and Portuguese teta with French. The DLE also calls it perhaps expressive, comparing…

It is borrowed from Latin āctiō (“a doing, action”), a learned word like all the Spanish words built on the Latin verb agō (“to drive, do”). The Latin noun is formed on the supine āctum with the…

It is borrowed from Latin cāsus (“fall; chance, accident; grammatical case”), a learned word. The Latin noun is formed from cadō (“to fall, happen”), the source of caer, with the suffix -tus; the…

It is borrowed from Latin crīmen (“accusation; crime”), a learned word. In Latin it meant first a charge or accusation, and in the late period a fault or offence. Bénaben describes the change as the…

It is formed from Spanish cuadro + -illa, a diminutive of the noun for a square. Corominas lists it among the derivatives of that noun and dates it to the second half of the 13th century; the Breve…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *lacium, a simplified form of Latin laqueus (“noose, snare”). Wiktionary gives the Vulgar Latin form as *laceum. The change is common to all the Romance languages…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin (diēs) Lūnis (“(day) of the Moon”), a form found in inscriptions, shortened to its second word. Classical Latin said diēs Lūnae or Lūnae diēs, “the day sacred to…

It is inherited from Old Spanish mierda, inherited from Latin merda (“dung, excrement”). Latin had a short vowel, ⟨ĕ⟩, and Spanish has the diphthong ⟨ie⟩ where the neighbouring languages keep ⟨e⟩…

It is borrowed from Latin numerus (“number; rank, category”). García de Diego counts the Spanish and Portuguese word among the learned ones; the inherited outcome of the Latin word is Catalan…

It is of uncertain origin, a word shared by the three Ibero-Romance languages. Corominas considers it probably borrowed from Gothic *𐍀𐌰𐍂𐍂𐌰 (*parra), an n-stem with the oblique ⟨-ans⟩, “enclosure…

It is borrowed from Latin tractō (“to handle, touch; to manage, deal with”), taken from Latin in the Middle Ages. García de Diego calls the word learned, and the Wikcionario semi-learned. The…

It is inherited from Latin caulis (“stalk, stem; cabbage”). The Latin word was masculine; it became feminine in Spanish, Portuguese and Catalan and in some Sardinian dialects, a gender already…

It is borrowed from Latin condiciō (“stipulation; state, manner of being”), a learned word. The Latin noun is formed from condīcō (“to agree upon, to fix”) with -iō, from con- (“with”) and dīcō (“to…

It is inherited from Latin membrum (“part of the body, limb”). The Breve diccionario dates it to 1219; the corpus has it in a Castilian text of the Cortes de León dated 1208. The same Latin word is…

It is a deverbal noun from Spanish probar (“to test, to prove”), whose medieval spelling was provar. Corominas lists it among the derivatives of the verb, first recorded in 1219. Gómez de Silva…

It is inherited from Late Latin campānia (“level country, plain”), recorded from the 6th century. The Late Latin noun is the feminine of the adjective campāneus “of the plain”, from Latin campus…

It is formed from Spanish ciudad + -ano. Its earliest form is Old Spanish cibdadano, from the medieval noun cibdad; the spelling ⟨ciudad⟩ became usual only around Nebrija's time. The noun continues…

It is inherited from Old Spanish fondo (“deep”), the older form with ⟨f⟩, recorded from 1220–1250. Corominas thinks that the Old Spanish adjective was probably taken from the dialectal perfondo…

It is borrowed from Latin memoria (“memory, remembrance”), taken over by the learned route in Old Spanish. Corominas places it among the learned words of the family of remembrar, and dates it to the…

It is borrowed from Latin nōtitia (“knowledge; acquaintance”), first recorded in the semi-learned form nodicia. García de Diego notes the old Castilian form beside Old Galician-Portuguese nodiça…

It is inherited from Old Spanish ocho, inherited from Latin octō (“eight”). Wiktionary reconstructs an earlier form *oito between the Latin and the Old Spanish word. The same Latin word is…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *pariculus (“alike, similar”), a diminutive of pār (“equal”). The Late Latin word occurs once, in a text connected with the Salic law. Spanish par in the sense…

It continues inherited from Old Spanish perigloso, inherited from Latin perīculōsus (“dangerous”), a semi-learned word like peligro. Corominas lists it among the derivatives of that noun, and…

It is inherited from Latin pūrus (“clean, pure”), and Old Spanish puro has the same form. The word is common to the western Romance languages: Portuguese puro, Catalan pur, Occitan pur, French pur…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *rāsicāre (“to scrape”). The Old Spanish form was rascar. The Vulgar Latin verb is formed on rāsus (“scraped, shaven”), the past participle of rādō (“to scrape…

It is probably inherited from Latin raptus (“a snatching, abduction”), through the senses “jerk, sudden pull” and, figuratively, “instant”. The etymology goes back to Covarrubias and was accepted by…

It is inherited from Latin radius (“rod; spoke of a wheel; ray of light”). The learned doublet radio is recorded from the early 18th century. De Vaan thinks a link with rādīx (“root”) unlikely…

It is inherited from Old Spanish respirar, a learned word borrowed from Latin respīrō (“to breathe out; to recover one's breath”). Wiktionary calls it inherited. The Latin verb is formed re- (“back…

It is from Old Spanish respuesto (“answered”), the old irregular past participle of responder, in the feminine and used as a noun. García de Diego starts from Vulgar Latin *respositus, which…

It is inherited from Latin siccus (“dry”), with the same form in Old Spanish seco. The word is common to all the Romance languages: Portuguese seco, Galician seco, Asturian secu, Catalan sec…

It is borrowed from Latin obligō (“to tie up; to bind by a contract or judgement; to force”), a learned word. The Latin verb is made of ob- and ligō (“to bind, tie”). Spanish continues the simple…

It is a deverbal noun from Spanish cazar (“to hunt”), Old Spanish caça beside the verb caçar. The verb continues Vulgar Latin *captiare (“to catch, hunt”), formed from captus, the past participle of…

It is borrowed from Latin speciālis (“particular, special”). The Latin adjective is formed from speciēs (“kind, type; appearance”) with the suffix -ālis, and DICCA-XV traces the noun to speciō (“to…

It is formed from Spanish mover + -miento, perhaps partly after Medieval Latin mōvimentum. mover continues Latin moveō (“to move”), which de Vaan derives from Proto-Indo-European *m(i̯)euh₁- (“to…

It is inherited from Latin oleō (“to give off a smell; to smell of”); Old Spanish oler has the same form from the first texts. The same Latin verb is Galician olir, Catalan oldre, Italian olire and…

It continues inherited from Latin ōrdinō (“to set in order, arrange”), a derivative of ōrdō (“row, rank, order”). Corominas calls it a semi-learned continuation of the Latin verb, like orden itself…

It is inherited from Latin vitreum (“an object of glass”), the neuter of vitreus (“of glass”), derived from vitrum (“glass”). Latin called the material itself by the noun, while the neuter plural of…

It is borrowed from Latin auctōritās (“guarantee; authority, prestige”), first recorded in Berceo in a Latinising spelling. The Latin noun is formed on auctor (“creator, author; guarantor, seller”)…

It is borrowed from Latin familia (“household; the slaves and servants of a house”), a learned word. The Latin noun belongs with famulus (“servant, slave”); the Spanish dictionaries derive it from…

It is borrowed from Latin repraesentō (“to bring before one, show, make present”). Vox dates the borrowing to the 13th century, and Corominas lists it among the learned words of the family of ser…

It is borrowed from Late Latin tumba (“grave”), which is from Ancient Greek τύμβος (túmbos, “burial mound, grave”); Corominas records it first in Berceo. The Latin word is ecclesiastical, first…

It continues inherited from Vulgar Latin minācia (“threat”); the oldest Spanish form is menaza. The initial ⟨a-⟩ comes from the verb amenazar, helped by a misdivision of ⟨la menaza⟩, ⟨una menaza⟩…

It is a deverbal noun from Spanish esperar. The verb continues Latin spērō (“to hope”). In Spanish, Portuguese and Catalan, and in some Occitan dialects, it also took over the sense “to wait for”…

Corominas considers it probably borrowed from French mèche, taken at an early date; the DLE and Wiktionary present the French source as only possible. Portuguese mecha is the same word, and he…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin perfectus (“finished, complete”), the past participle of perficiō (“to finish, complete”). The popular outcome of the Latin word appears in Asturian…

It is inherited from Latin mancus (“maimed, crippled; incomplete”), which could be said of any injured part of the body. The word is common to all the western Romance languages: Portuguese manco…

It is inherited from Latin recognōscō (“to recall; to examine, review”), in a Vulgar Latin form *reconōscō remade, like conocer from *conōscō, on the simple verb nōscō. Corominas and DICCA-XV treat…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *affrontō (“to face, confront”), formed from ad (“to”) and frōns (“forehead, front”). Corominas treats it as a derivative of Old Spanish fruente “forehead” common…

1. The word for the bag is inherited from Old Spanish bolsa, inherited from Late Latin bursa (“hide; leather bag, purse”). Corominas calls it semi-learned or a late arrival: as a fully popular word…

It is inherited from Old Spanish cama, inherited from Late Latin cama (“bedding, a bed on the ground”). The Latin word is known only from Isidore of Seville, who describes the cama as a short bed…

It is borrowed from Old French corages (“courage”), the Old French nominative of corage, according to the DCECH, the DLE and Moliner. Alonso and García de Diego give Old Occitan coratge as the…

It is borrowed from Latin statio (“a standing still; a post; a residence”), a learned word. Corominas dates it to Juan Ruiz, about 1330–1343, and the Breve diccionario to 1335; the corpus has…

It is inherited from Old Spanish estrada, inherited from Late Latin strāta (“paved road”), short for via strāta (“paved way”). The participle strātus belongs to sternō (“to spread out, strew”). The…

It is borrowed from Old French malete (“small bag, valise”), according to Corominas, a diminutive of male, modern French malle “trunk”, which is from Frankish *malha (“travelling bag”). The French…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin mōmentum (“movement, impulse; short space of time”). Vox dates the borrowing to the 15th century. Corominas lists it among the derivatives of mover, with…