English words first recorded in the 19th century

It is formed from English back + fire, originally in American English. The OED takes the first element as the adjective, the Shorter Oxford as the adverb. The verb is either from the noun or a…

It is borrowed from French cérébral, formed as if from Latin *cerebrālis, from cerebrum (“brain”) and the suffix -al; Hoad, the Shorter Oxford and the Oxford Dictionary of English derive it from the…

It is formed from English instruction + -al. Instruction is from Anglo-Norman instruccion and instructiō, from instruō (“to arrange, prepare; to teach”), from in- (“on”) and struō (“to pile, build”).

It is formed from English linguist + -ic, though Etymonline takes it from German linguistisch (1807). The OED records the German adjective, meaning "of linguistics", from 1787 or earlier, and…

It is borrowed from Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “a blowing out, extinction”), a noun use of the past participle of a verb meaning to be extinguished, formed from निस् (nis, “out, away”) and वा (vā…

It is formed from English organize + -er. Organize is from Old French organiser, and directly organizare, from Latin organum (“instrument, organ”), which is from Ancient Greek ὄργανον (órganon…

It is formed from English sensation + -al. Etymonline takes it from the noun in its secondary sense of excitement. sensation is from French sensation, also sēnsātiō (“perception”), from Late Latin…

It is borrowed from New Latin silica, from Latin silex (“flint, pebble, hard stone”), formed on the model of alumina and soda. Barnhart and Merriam-Webster connect the Latin word with shell; Klein…

It is formed from structure and -al.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀστεροειδής (asteroeidḗs, “starlike”), from ἀστήρ (astḗr, “star”) and -οειδής (-oeidḗs, “-like”), from εἶδος (eîdos, “form, shape”); the Greek word for star comes…

It is short for cobra capello (1671), borrowed from Portuguese cobra de capello (“snake with a hood”), from cobra (“snake”), from Latin colubra (“snake, female serpent”), feminine of coluber…

It is borrowed from French collaborateur, which comes from Medieval Latin collaborator, formed from Late Latin collabōrātus, the past participle of collabōrō (“to work together”). The verb is formed…

It is formed from document and the suffix -ary; the film sense was probably borrowed from French film documentaire.

It is formed from English hand + shake, both nouns. The Shorter Oxford takes the rare verb from the noun hand and the verb shake. The phrase shake hands is older, from the 16th century, and…

It is formed from English maximum + -ize. The OED and the Oxford Dictionary of English take it instead from Latin maximus (“greatest”) with the suffix -ize. The Latin word is the superlative of…

It is from English pea + nut.

It is formed from English steam + -er, from the noun or the verb. Etymonline calls it an agent noun from the verb. The noun steam is from Old English stēam (“vapour, fumes, odour”), from…

It is borrowed from New Latin ūnilaterālis, or formed from English uni- + lateral. The Latin word is built from ūnus (“one”) and latus (“side”). Ūnus comes from Proto-Indo-European *oi-no- (“one…

It is formed from available and -ity, as -ability after available.

It is a compound, from English business + man.

It is formed from English dentist + -ry. Dentist is from French dentiste, from dent (“tooth”), from Latin dēns (“tooth”), from Proto-Indo-European *dent- (“tooth”), which is also the source of tooth.

It is formed from English distant + -al, from the stem dist- of the adjective, on the model of dorsal, ventral and central. Hoad calls the formation irregular, and Klein derives it from Latin distō…

It is formed from English insurgent + -ency. insurgent (1745) is from Latin insurgēns, the present participle of insurgō (“to rise up; rise against”), from in- (“against”), or perhaps merely…

It is formed from English pin + ball. The first sense, a pincushion, followed the older words pincushion and pin-pillow. Dictionary.com marks the word as an Americanism.

It is formed from English re- + vamp (“to patch up, repair”). Etymonline notes that the prefix is redundant, and suggests that the verb was built on the noun vamp, the upper of a shoe, or is an…

It is formed from sensitive and -ity.

It is formed from English shop + -er, originally from the noun and in later use from the verb. The Shorter Oxford and Etymonline derive it from the verb. The OED notes that the surname of Joh. le…

It is from English a dialectal variant of stamp, first recorded in American English. The OED takes it as a variant of the verb in its senses of treading and striking with the foot. Stamp goes back…

It is formed from system and -ic, irregularly, as the Shorter Oxford, Etymonline and the Oxford Dictionary of English note, since the expected form is systematic; the OED compares an earlier…

It is borrowed from Russian водка (vódka), a diminutive of вода (vodá, “water”) with the suffix -ка (-ka), so literally "little water". вода (vodá) comes from the same Indo-European source as water…

It is formed from English foresee + -able.

It is formed from English identify + -able. The verb identify is from French identifier, from Medieval Latin identificō (“to treat as identical”), from identitās (“identity”) and -ficō.

It is formed from English kink + -y. The noun kink, a tight twist in a rope, thread or hair, began as a sailors' word of the late 17th century and is probably from Dutch kink (“twist, twirl”) or the…

It is formed from English lace + -y. The noun lace goes back through Old French laz (“net, noose, cord”) to Latin laqueus (“a noose, a snare”).

It is formed from English mono- (“single”) + -graph (“something written”), as a remodelling of the earlier monography (1773). The OED suggests the change was made because monography sounded like an…

It is a colloquial shortening of papa.

It is formed from English per- + oxide, by the chemist Thomas Thomson. The prefix, from Latin per (“through”), marks in chemical names the greatest or a large proportion of an element. The noun…

It is formed from English un- + charted, from the prefix meaning "not" and the past participle of the verb chart. The noun chart is from Middle French charte (“card, map”), from Late Latin charta…

It is borrowed from French butte (“knoll, hillock”), which Dictionary.com takes through the French of North America, from bute (“mound of earth behind an archery target”), related to but (“target…

It is formed from inter- and the verb act.

It is formed from English sketch + -y. Sketch, first recorded in the 1660s, is from Dutch schets or German Skizze, both from Italian schizzo.

It is formed from English state + -hood. State came into Middle English through Old French estat from Latin status.

It is formed from English accredit + -ation. The OED thinks it probably came partly from that verb and partly from the rare verb accreditate with -ion. The verb, recorded from the early 17th…

It is borrowed from Latin aquārium, the neuter singular of aquārius (“of or for water”), used as a noun, from aqua (“water”), from Proto-Indo-European *akwa- (“water”). In classical Latin aquārium…

It is formed from English constituent + -ency, on the model of regency and similar nouns. Etymonline analyses it with the abstract suffix -cy. The base goes back to Latin cōnstituēns, the present…

It is formed from English extreme + -ist. The Shorter Oxford takes it as formed like extremism, with the suffix; the OED notes that extremism is recorded later, and compares French extrémiste…

It is formed from English float + -ation, and was first spelled floatation. The spelling “flot-” was probably influenced by French flottaison, which was used in technical terms translated into…

It is a compound, from English hind + sight. In the sense of understanding after the event it was probably formed as a humorous opposite of the older foresight.

It is formed from English horse + power, from the supposed rate at which a horse works. According to Etymonline, the unit was set by James Watt as the power needed to lift 33,000 pounds one foot in…

It is borrowed from French restaurant (“a restaurant”), originally “food that restores”, a noun use of the present participle of restaurer (“to restore, refresh”), from Old French restorer, from…

It is formed from English section + -al. The OED compares French sectionnel. Dictionary.com marks it as an Americanism.

It is formed from English un- + forget + -able, which Etymonline and the Shorter Oxford analyse as un- (“not”) and forgettable. The OED points out that forgettable itself is recorded later, from…

It is formed from English identify + -er. The OED compares the occasional form identifior with the suffix -or. Identify is from French identifier, from identité, the source of identity.

It is formed from inter- and action, or from the verb interact and -ion.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek νομαδικός (nomadikós, “wandering, pastoral”), from νομάς (nomás, “nomad”) and the suffix -ικός (-ikós). The noun is formed from νομός (nomós, “pasturage”) with the…

It is formed from English potass + -ium, coined by the English chemist Sir Humphry Davy, who first isolated the element from potash. Barnhart and Etymonline take the base as New Latin potassa, a…

It is formed from English re- (“again”) + design. The noun is a conversion of the verb, on the model of the noun design. Design is ultimately from Latin dēsignō (“to mark out, point out”), from dē-…

It is a compound from English side + kick. In the sense "companion" the OED thinks it perhaps an alteration of side-kicker, recorded from 1894, and Green's Dictionary of Slang and the Shorter Oxford…

It is New Latin sodium, coined by the English chemist Sir Humphry Davy from soda and -ium, because he isolated the element from caustic soda (sodium hydroxide).

It is borrowed from French stratégique and directly from a Latinized form of Ancient Greek στρατηγικός (stratēgikós, “of or for a general”), from στρατηγός (stratēgós, “commander of an army”). It is…