English words first recorded in the 17th century

It is formed from English refine + -ment, after French raffinement according to the Shorter Oxford. The OED compares Middle French refinement (before 1469, of sugar production), the French word…

It is formed from English refrigerate + -or. The verb is from Latin refrīgerō (“to make cool”), from re- and frīgerō (“to make cool”), from frīgus (“cold”), the source of frigid. The OED compares…

It is formed from English repute + -able, from the verb according to the OED, from the noun according to Etymonline. The OED compares Medieval Latin reputabilis (“of good repute”), recorded about…

It is borrowed from French ressource, earlier ressourse, a noun use of the feminine past participle of Old French resourdre “to rise again, recover”, from Latin resurgō (“to rise again”). It is…

It is formed from English review + -er, from the verb. The verb comes from the noun review, partly after Middle French revoir (“to see again”), and Etymonline explains it as re- added to view. The…

It is formed from English rip + -er, an agent noun from the verb. The verb itself is of uncertain origin; the OED takes its earliest sense, "to tear", as probably borrowed from a continental West…

Its origin is disputed. Most dictionaries take it as perhaps a shortening of centrinel (1598) or centronel (1594), variants of sentinel, or a back-formation from them, as if the word ended in the…

It is borrowed from French similaire, perhaps also from Medieval Latin *similāris, an extended form of Latin similis (“like, resembling, of the same kind”). Latin similis is from Old Latin semol…

It is borrowed from Latin spectrum (“appearance, image, apparition”), from specere (“to look at”) (see spectre and spy), from PIE Proto-Indo-European *spek- (“to observe”).

It is borrowed from Middle French surface (“outermost boundary, outside part”), from sur- (“above”) and face, modelled on Latin superficiēs (“surface, upper side, top”), the source of superficial…

It is formed from sustain and -able.

It is borrowed from Latin synthesis (“collection, set; composition of a medicine”), from Ancient Greek σύνθεσις (súnthesis, “composition, putting together”), from συντίθημι (suntíthēmi, “to put…

It is borrowed from Latin trānsmissiō (“a sending over or across, passage”) (accusative transmissionem), perhaps also through Old French transmission, a noun of action from trānsmissus, the past…

1. It is probably borrowed from Latin trochus (“iron hoop”), from Ancient Greek τροχός (trokhós, “wheel”), from τρέχειν (trékhein, “to run”). Merriam-Webster and the Shorter Oxford take it instead…

It is formed from English un- + imaginable, with the negative prefix. Imaginable, recorded from about 1380 in Chaucer's translation of Boethius, is from Middle French imaginable and directly from…

It is formed in English from un- and related, the past participle of the verb relate.

It is a compound of up and side.

It is borrowed from Italian villa (“country house, farm”), partly also directly borrowed from Latin villa (“country house, farm”), related to vicus (“village, group of houses”), from PIE…

It is borrowed from French absinthe (“wormwood; essence of wormwood”), from Latin absinthium (“wormwood”), from Ancient Greek ἀψίνθιον (apsínthion, “wormwood”), a word of foreign origin, perhaps…

It is borrowed from Latin accūrātus (“prepared with care, exact”), past participle of accūrō “to take care of, do carefully”, from ad- “to” and cūrō “to take care of”, from cūra “care”, the source…

It is borrowed from French arcade (“arched opening; a construction of arches”), from Italian arcata (“arch of a bridge”), or, according to the Shorter Oxford, the Oxford Dictionary of English and…

It is formed from English authenticate + -ation; the OED compares Medieval Latin authenticatio, recorded from the 13th century in British sources. Authenticate is from Medieval Latin authenticō (“to…

It is a compound from English cat + fish. Merriam-Webster says it was named for the catlike look of the fish's head, and Johnson, following Phillips, for the West Indian sea-fish's round head and…

It is formed from English commemorate + -ive, and the OED compares French commémoratif. Merriam-Webster instead takes it straight from the French adjective, a Middle French formation from…

Most dictionaries take it as borrowed from French déplorable, from déplorer (“to deplore”); the Shorter Oxford and the Oxford Dictionary of English allow also borrowed from Late Latin deplorabilis…

It is formed from English doll + -y, first as a pet form of the name Doll, a familiar form of Dorothy, with the -l- for -r- found in other nicknames, such as Hal for Harold and Moll for Mary. The…

It is a compound from English down + side, formed after upside. The phrase downside up was made after upside down.

It is formed from English endear + -ment. The verb, recorded from the 1580s, is formed in turn from en- (“make, put in”) and the adjective dear, which is from Old English dēore (“precious, valuable…

The OED, Klein and Weekley take it as borrowed from French éroder, from Latin ērōdō (“to gnaw away, consume”); the American Heritage Dictionary and Merriam-Webster derive it directly from Latin…

Most dictionaries take it as an English formation on from Latin gigant- (“giant”), the stem of gigās, with the suffix -ic; Merriam-Webster and Collins derive it from Ancient Greek γιγαντικός…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin ignītiō (“a setting on fire”), perhaps through French ignition, which the OED compares and records from the 16th century. The Latin noun is formed from Latin…

It is borrowed from Latin irrigātiō (“a watering, irrigating”), a noun of action from irrigō (“to lead water to; to water, flood”), the source of irrigate, formed from in- (“in, into”) and rigō (“to…

It is borrowed from New Latin locōmōtīvus, recorded from 1538 or earlier, from Latin locō (“from a place”), the ablative of locus (“place”), and Late Latin mōtīvus (“moving, causing motion”), the…

It is the plural of mechanic with -ics, after Late Latin mechanica and Greek μηχανική (mēkhanikḗ, “mechanics”), from μηχανικός (mēkhanikós), of machines.

It is formed from non- and sense, perhaps influenced by French nonsens.

It is formed from English over- + lap (“to fold, wrap”), compare the earlier phrase “lap over”, to extend beyond, recorded from the 1630s. The verb in this sense is not found in Old English; it is…

Most dictionaries take it as borrowed from French pastel (“crayon”), from Italian pastello (“crayon made of pigment paste”); the OED takes it directly from the Italian word. The Italian word is…

It is borrowed from French productif or directly borrowed from Medieval Latin productīvus (“fit for production”), from productus, the past participle of prōdūcere (“to bring forth”) (see produce).

It is borrowed from Late Latin remediālis (“healing, curative”), recorded from the 5th century, from remedium (“cure, remedy”), the source of remedy, with the suffix -ālis. Remedium is formed from…

It is borrowed from French scénique (“belonging to the stage, theatrical”), recorded in Middle French from the late 14th century, and its source Latin scēnicus, also scaenicus, from Ancient Greek…

It is formed from the verb store and the suffix -age.

It is an extended form of the older trouse, also trouzes (1581), with an unexplained second -r- that probably comes from drawers and other words for paired things ending in -ers, such as pliers. The…

It is borrowed from New Latin vagina, the anatomical use of Latin vāgīna (“sheath, scabbard; husk of an ear of grain”). The OED, revising the entry in 2019, also names French vagina (now vagin) as a…

It is borrowed from French véhicule (“transmitting agent, vehicle”), and directly from Latin vehiculum (“means of transport, carriage”), from vehō (“to carry, convey”), from Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from English approve + -al.

It is formed from English caliph + -ate; the OED (revised 2023) suggests that the choice of suffix was perhaps prompted by the likeness of Arabic خلافة (ḵilāfa), and compares Middle French califat…

It is borrowed from Latin census (“registration of citizens and their property”), originally the past participle of cēnsēre (“to assess, tax”) (see censor).

It is borrowed from French classique or directly from Latin classicus (“relating to the highest classes of the Roman people; superior”), from classis (“class, division”). It is related to class and…

It is borrowed from Latin crātēr (“mixing bowl; bowl, basin; mouth of a volcano”), from Ancient Greek κρατήρ (krātḗr, “mixing bowl”), literally "mixer", from the base of κεράννυμι (keránnumi, “to…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κριτήριον (kritḗrion, “a means of judging, test, standard”), from κριτής (kritḗs, “judge”), from κρίνω (krī́nō, “to separate, decide, judge”). Dictionary.com…

It is probably borrowed from Portuguese ema, a word first meaning a crane, then the ostrich and other birds that look like it, and recorded in 1541 as a name for the cassowary. Its further origin is…

It is borrowed from French explicite, from Latin explicitus, unobstructed, a variant past participle of explicō, to unfold, unravel, explain (see explicate), from ex-, out, and plicō, to fold (see…

It is borrowed from Latin fēstīvus (“festal; excellent, fine; genial, lively”), formed from fēstum (“feast, holiday”) and the suffix -īvus (English -ive), itself the noun use of the neuter of the…

It is borrowed from French granit or directly Italian granito (“granite; originally grained”), the past participle of granire (“to granulate”), from grano (“grain”), from Latin grānum (“grain”) (see…

It is a compound from English house + work.

It is borrowed from Arabic إِسْلَام (ʾislām, “submission, surrender (to the will of God)”), partly through Ottoman Turkish, in which it also meant a Muslim. The Arabic noun of action is from…

It was formed from English life + long in English. Its rare sense "throughout the whole day" comes from association with livelong.

It is borrowed from French ressentiment (“memory of an injury, grievance”), earlier resentiment, a noun formed from ressentir (“to feel pain, regret”) (see resent) and -ment. The OED's revised entry…

It is borrowed from Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”), the first word of the full greeting meaning "peace be upon you". The Arabic word was also taken into Persian and Urdu, and is the cognate of…

It is borrowed from Spanish sierra (“jagged mountain range”), literally a saw, from Latin serra (“a saw”) (see serrate), which is of unknown origin; de Vaan suggests Proto-Indo-European *sers-h-…