English words first recorded in the 15th century

It is inherited from Middle English attribucion, borrowed from Middle French attribution and directly borrowed from Latin attribūtiō (“assignment, allotment”), the noun of action from attribūtus…

It is inherited from Middle English javelin, also gavelong, borrowed from Middle French javeline, a variant or diminutive of Old French javelot (“spear”), which is recorded from the 12th century…

It is inherited from Middle English who, a variant of the interjection ho; the OED, revising the entry in 2016, takes it as a variant of one of its two interjections ho, the call to stop or the cry…

It is inherited from Middle English laves, also lavas and lavage, most probably borrowed from Middle French lavasse (“downpour, torrent of rain, deluge”), also lavache, called Old French in the OED…

It is Middle English commoun welthe, written separately at first, from English common + wealth, wealth here having its old sense of well-being.

It is borrowed from French communal, from Old French comunal, recorded from about 1100 in the senses "common" and "unanimous", from Late Latin commūnālis, from Latin commūnis (“common”); Etymonline…

1. The noun is borrowed from Middle French entrance, from entrer (“to enter”) and the suffix -ance. See enter. 2. The verb is formed from English en- (“put in”) + trance.

It is from English establish + -ment.

1. The bird is inherited from Middle English hauk, earlier havek, inherited from Old English hafoc (Mercian heafuc, earlier habuc), from Proto-Germanic *habukaz. It is cognate with Old Frisian…

It is borrowed from Late Latin mandatorius (“pertaining to a mandator”), one who gives a charge or command, from Latin mandatus, past participle of mandāre (“to command, entrust”) (see mandate).

It is formed from Middle English multiplien (“to multiply”) + -er, that is, the verb multiply with the agent suffix -er. The verb is from Old French multiplier, also multeplier, recorded from the…

It is borrowed from Middle French opératif and directly Medieval Latin operātīvus (“creative, formative”), from the past participle stem of Latin operor (“to work”) (see operation and operate), from…

It came partly borrowed from Middle French participant and partly from its source Late Latin participāns (“sharing; a sharer”), recorded in post-classical Latin from the 5th century, the present…

It is formed from Middle English per (“by, through”) + haps (“chances”), the plural of hap (“chance”), from earlier Middle English perhap, on the model of peradventure and perchance. Word Origins…

It is borrowed from French régime, from Latin regimen (“rule, guidance, government; rudder”) (see regimen), from regō (“to direct, guide, rule”), from PIE Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to move in a…

It is formed from English remove + -able, in Middle English as remevable, also spelled removable, from remeven (“to remove”), perhaps influenced by mevable (“movable”). The OED suggests that it may…

The modern word is a back-formation from secretiveness, which was a term of phrenology for a propensity to secrecy, formed after French secrétivité, a phrenological word of Gall's (1808). It was…

It is inherited from Middle English trak, borrowed from Middle French trac (“track of horses, trace”), a word of uncertain origin, perhaps Germanic: the OED (1989) calls it generally thought to be…

It is inherited from Middle English type (“symbol”), borrowed from Latin typus (“figure, image, form, kind”), perhaps through Late Latin or French, borrowed from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos, “a blow…

It is borrowed from Latin agēns (“doing, acting, effective”), stem agent-, perhaps influenced by Old French agent, the present participle of agō (“to set in motion, drive; to do, perform”), from…

It is borrowed from Latin circulātus, the past participle of circulō (“to make circular, encircle”), also the deponent circulor (“to gather in a circle, collect people about one”), from circulus…

It is inherited from Middle English curtailen (“to restrict”), probably from Middle French courtault (“made short, docked”) altered or blended under the influence of taillen (“to cut”), itself from…

It is borrowed from Latin dētēctiō (“an uncovering, revealing”), dētēctiōnem, a Late Latin noun from dētegō, to uncover, expose, figuratively to discover, reveal (see detect), from dē-, un-, off…

It is borrowed from Latin expedītus, the past participle of expediō (“to extricate, disengage; to make ready, put in order”), which literally meant to free the feet from fetters, the opposite of…

Etymonline and Dictionary.com take it as formed from English hierarch + -ical. The OED analyses it as Ancient Greek ἱεραρχικός (hierarkhikós, “hierarchic”) with the suffix -al, the Shorter Oxford as…

The adjective is borrowed from Latin īnfatuātus, the past participle of īnfatuō (“to make a fool of”), formed from in- and fatuus (“foolish”). The verb is from the adjective or from the Latin…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin integrālis (“forming a whole”), probably through Middle French intégral, from Latin integer, untouched, whole (see integer).

It is inherited from Middle English refrygeracion, borrowed from Middle French refrigeration, also refrigeracion, and directly borrowed from Latin refrīgerātiō (“a cooling”), from refrīgerō (“to…

It is from Italian soda, a kind of saltwort from which soda was obtained, or Medieval Latin soda, a word of uncertain origin. Barnhart, following Steiger, Hess and Corominas, derives it from Arabic…

The verb is inherited from Middle English tingen, borrowed from Latin tingō (“to moisten, immerse; to dye, colour”), from Proto-Indo-European *teng- (“to moisten, soak”), and so from the same…

It is formed from English authorize + -ation. The OED compares auctorisatio, recorded in British sources from the 14th century, authorisation and autorisation (1593 or earlier); Etymonline notes an…

It is inherited from Middle English demenure, formed from Middle English demeinen (“to handle, conduct; to behave”) + -ure, the verb that survives as demean "to conduct oneself". The verb is from…

It is inherited from Middle English alotten, borrowed from Anglo-Norman aloter, also alloter, which most dictionaries describe as Old French aloter. The OED finds the Anglo-Norman verb in 1304, the…

It is inherited from Middle English disagreen, borrowed from Middle French désagréer, from des-, not (see dis-), and agréer, to please, receive with favour (see agree).

It is formed from English happy + -ness. The adjective is from hap (“chance, fortune”) with the suffix -y.

It is inherited from Middle English improwen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman emprouwer (“to turn to profit”), from en-, a causative prefix, and prou (“profit”), from Late Latin prōde (“advantageous”)…

It is formed from English pass + time, on the model of Middle French passe-temps, from passe, the imperative of passer (“to pass”), and temps (“time”), from Latin tempus (“time”). It replaced the…

It is inherited from Middle English surviven, borrowed from Anglo-Norman survivre, Old French sourvivre, from Late Latin supervīvō (“to live beyond, outlive”), from super “over, beyond” and vīvō “to…

It is borrowed from Old French Achademie, and directly from Latin Acadēmīa, from Ancient Greek Ἀκαδήμεια (Akadḗmeia, “the grove of Akademos”), the public garden and gymnasium near Athens where Plato…

1. The plunder is inherited from Middle English botye, later buty, borrowed from Middle French butin, from Middle Low German būte (“exchange, distribution”), also buite, which is of uncertain…

It is borrowed from Latin canistrum (“a basket for bread, fruit or flowers”), from Ancient Greek κάναστρον (kánastron, “wicker basket”), apparently from κάννα (kánna, “reed”), the source of cane…

It is borrowed from Old French deporter (“to behave; to bear with, spare”), which Barnhart calls Middle French, formed from de- and porter (“to carry”), from Latin portō (“to carry”), from…

It is borrowed from Middle French exposer, which replaced Latin expōnō, to set forth, lay open, explain (see expound), by confusion with poser, to place (see pose), and was influenced by its…

It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman obscurité and Middle French obscurité, and directly borrowed from Latin obscūritās (“darkness, dimness, lack of clarity”), from obscūrus (“dark”) and the suffix…

It is inherited from Middle English pacifien, borrowed from Middle French pacifier, also pacefier, and partly directly borrowed from Latin pācificō (“to placate, appease; to make peace”). The French…

It is from English refuse + -al, in Middle English refusell. The OED compares the Law French word refusal of the late 15th century. The earlier noun was refuse, from Old French refus, which was…

It is inherited from Middle English taxāble, borrowed from Anglo-Norman taxable, recorded in Anglo-Norman from the late 13th century; the MED and Etymonline compare Medieval Latin taxābilis. Later…

It is inherited from Middle English absolven, borrowed from Latin absolvō (“to free, release; to acquit”), from ab- (“from, away”) and solvō (“to loosen, release”), the source of solve. Etymonline…

It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman achevement (“a finishing”), French achèvement, from achever (“to finish, accomplish”) (see achieve) and -ment; the SOED also allows a formation in English from…

It is inherited from Middle English alphabete, borrowed from Late Latin alphabētum, recorded from the late 3rd century, in Tertullian, and partly alphabete, also alphabet, recorded in Anglo-Norman…

It is formed from English a + piece, first written as the Middle English phrase a pece. The first part is the indefinite article in the sense "for each", itself from Old English ān (“one”); the…

It is inherited from Middle English applauden, borrowed from Latin applaudō (“to clap the hands in approval; to strike upon”), formed from ad- (“to”) and plaudō (“to clap”), a verb of unknown…

Both noun and verb go back to Latin attribūtus (“assigned, allotted”), the past participle of attribuō (“to assign, allot, ascribe”), formed from ad- (“to”) and tribuō (“to assign, give, bestow”)…

It is inherited from Middle English begle, also begele, of uncertain origin. The usual suggestion is that it is borrowed from Old French beegueule (“noisy shouting person; having the mouth open”)…

It is partly borrowed from Anglo-Norman clerical (“of clerics or the clergy”) and partly directly borrowed from Late Latin clēricālis, which is formed from clēricus (“a member of the clergy”) and…

It is formed from English comic + -al, or, as the OED and the Oxford Dictionary of English have it, from Latin cōmicus (“of comedy”) with the same suffix. The Latin adjective is from Ancient Greek…

It is inherited from Middle English confraternite, borrowed from Old French confraternité, recorded in French from the 14th century, or directly borrowed from Medieval Latin cōnfrāternitās. The OED…

It is formed from English court + house, already in late Middle English. The first part is from Old French cort, from Latin cohors (“courtyard, retinue”); the second goes back to Old English hūs and…

It is an alteration, influenced by crumb, of the earlier crimble or crymble, inherited from Middle English kremelen, inherited from Old English *crymelan, an unrecorded verb and a frequentative of…

It is inherited from Middle English decayen, borrowed from Old Northern French decair (also Anglo-Norman), a by-form of decheoir (“to fall, decline”) (modern French déchoir), from Vulgar Latin…