sturgeon

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ˈstɜːd͡ʒən/ (UK); /ˈstɝd͡ʒən/ (US)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Middle English sturgeoun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman sturgeon, from Old French esturjon,^{[2][3][4][5][6]} of Germanic origin,^{[2][3][4][5][6]} perhaps from Frankish *sturjo,^[4] related to Old High German sturio (“sturgeon”) and Old English styria (“sturgeon”).^[3][4][5][6] The Germanic group is of obscure origin;^[4] Weekley suggests it means “stirrer”.^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The large fish with rows of bony plates, valued as food (before 1300).^[7][3][4]

Semantic evolution

The sturgeon was much esteemed in ancient Greece and a costly luxury in Rome;^[4] it also appears in medieval heraldry.^[4] Medieval Latin sturio, Italian storione and Spanish esturión are loanwords from Germanic.^[4] The fish is valued for its roe, eaten as caviar, and for isinglass.^[2][6]

Timeline

• before 1300 – the fish.^[7][3][4]
• 1405 – a kind of cloth (obsolete).^[7]
• 1804 – named species such as lake sturgeon.^[7]

Modern meaning

Noun

1. Any of various large freshwater and marine fishes of the family Acipenseridae of the Northern Hemisphere, with rows of bony plates, valued for their flesh and as a source of caviar and isinglass.

Related words

• caviar
• beluga
• isinglass
• sturgeon moon

References

1. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (1992), 3rd ed., Boston: Houghton Mifflin
3. ^ a b c d e Barnhart, Robert K., ed. (1995), The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology, New York: HarperCollins
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Harper, Douglas, Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
5. ^ a b c Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (2003), 11th ed., Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster
6. ^ a b c d Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (1999), 2nd ed., New York: Random House
7. ^ a b c d Simpson, J. A.; Weiner, E. S. C., eds. (1989), The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Clarendon Press