съконьчати

Forms

съконьчати (sŭkonĭčati) pf, present съконьчаѭ, съконьчаѥши^[1][2] Also written сконьчати and скончати.^[2]

Etymology

It is formed from Old Church Slavonic съ- (sŭ-) + коньчати (konĭčati, “to finish, end”), and ESJS lists it among the derivatives of коньць (“end”), with съконьчаниѥ and съконьчавати.^[3][4] Коньць is inherited from Proto-Slavic *konьcь (“end”), made from *konъ (“beginning, end”) with the suffix *-ьcь.^[3][5][6]

*konъ comes from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanas, from Proto-Indo-European *kon-o-, from the root *ken-, the same root as начѧти (“to begin”);^[6][5][3] Wiktionary compares dialectal Russian край (kraj, “edge, end”) for a word meaning both edge and end.^[6][5][3] Its cognates are Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new”), Latin recēns (“fresh, young, new”) and Old Irish cét- (“first”), and, after Vasmer and Sadnik and Aitzetmüller, Middle Irish cinim (“I spring from, arise”) and Latvian cìnâtiês (“to rise”).^[5][7][4] Vasmer rejects a link with Latin cuneus (“wedge”).^[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

In the Gospels съконьчати renders Ancient Greek τελέω (teléō, “to finish, fulfil”), as in егда съконча и‹соу›с‹ъ› • всѣ словеса си “when Jesus had finished all these sayings” (Mt 7, 28 Zogr Mar As Sav).^[2][1]

Semantic evolution

The canonical texts use it for finishing a task or a speech, for τελεῖν, συντελεῖν and εἰς τέλος ἄγειν; reflexively for time coming to an end (доньдеже съконьчаѭтъ сѧ врѣмена ѩзꙑкъ “until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled”, L 21, 24 Zogr Mar); and for ending one's life, to die, and in the Suprasliensis to die a martyr, for τελειοῦσθαι.^[2][1] It also means to make an end of someone, to destroy, kill (мала не съконьчашѩ мене на землі “they had almost made an end of me on earth”, Ps 118, 87 Sin), to use up (Dt 32, 23), to carry out, and to fulfil a prophecy or the scriptures, for πληροῦν.^[2][1]

Meanings

Verb

1. To finish, end, complete; for τελεῖν, συντελεῖν, ἐξαρτίζειν.^[2][1][8]
2. (reflexive) To come to an end, pass; for πληροῦσθαι, συντελεῖσθαι.^[2][1]
3. (reflexive) To die; to suffer martyrdom; for τελειοῦσθαι, τελευτᾶν.^[2][1][8]
4. To make an end of, destroy, kill; for συντελεῖν, ἀφανίζειν.^[2][1]
5. To use up, exhaust; for συντελεῖν.^[2]
6. To carry out, accomplish; reflexive to happen; for τελεῖν, τελειοῦν.^[2]
7. To fulfil (a prophecy, the scriptures); for πληροῦν.^[2][8]

Word family

• съконьчаниѥ
• съконьчавати

Related words

• коньць
• коньчати
• коньчина
• исконьчати
• оконьчати
• доконьчати
• начѧти
• съвръшити

Usage notes

The Gospel manuscripts often vary between съконьчати and съвръшити: at Mt 11, 1 the Zographensis has съконьча where the Marianus and Assemanianus have съвръши, and at J 17, 4 one passage of the Savvina kniga has съконьчахъ where the Zographensis, Marianus and Assemanianus have съвръшихъ.^[2][1]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Slovník nejstarších staroslověnských památek (digital ed., Gorazd, Slovanský ústav AV ČR, gorazd.org); cf. Cejtlin, R. M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, É. (eds.) (1994), Staroslavjanskij slovar' (po rukopisjam X–XI vekov), Moskva: Russkij jazyk
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org
3. ^ a b c d Havlová, Eva; Erhart, Adolf; Janyšková, Ilona (eds.) (1989–2022), Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského, 21 fascicles, Praha: Academia / Brno: Tribun EU, p. 335
4. ^ a b Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton, p. 248
5. ^ a b c d Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 232
6. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
7. ^ a b Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), Ètimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka, transl. and suppl. by O. N. Trubačev, 4 vols., Moskva: Progress, p. 2, 310
8. ^ a b c Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton