приѩти

Forms

приѩти (prijęti) pf^[1] Also written приѧти (prijęti).^[1] Present приимѫ, приимеши (priimǫ, priimeši); the Codex Zographensis, the Codex Marianus and the Psalterium Sinaiticum also have contracted forms in прим-.^[2]

Etymology

It is formed from Old Church Slavonic при- (pri-) + ѩти (jęti, “to take”).^[1][3] Sadnik and Aitzetmüller place it in the large family of the perfective verb Proto-Slavic *ęti (“to take”) and its imperfective *jьmati, which also gave имати, имѣти and many prefixed verbs.^[3]

The simple verb continues Proto-Balto-Slavic *ímtei (“to take”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁em- (“to take”).^[1][4] It is the same verb as Lithuanian im̃ti (“to take”), Latvian jem̃t and Old Prussian īmt, and outside Balto-Slavic as Latin emō (“to buy; originally to take”).^[4][3] Sadnik and Aitzetmüller probably also connect Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (niman, “to take”) and Ancient Greek νέμω (némō, “to distribute”).^[3] In the other Slavic languages the simple verb lives on in Russian ять (jatʹ) (dialectal), Polish jąć (“to begin”), Serbo-Croatian jeti and Slovene jeti (“to begin”).^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is common in the oldest Gospel manuscripts and the Psalterium Sinaiticum, and the SNSP counts more than 700 occurrences in the oldest texts.^[2] In the Codex Zographensis it renders Ancient Greek λαμβάνω (lambánō) in J 13, 26: ꙇ омочь хлѣбъ приѩтъ • ꙇ дастъ ꙇюдѣ “and having dipped the bread he took it and gave it to Judas”.^[5]

Semantic evolution

In the canonical texts the verb translates Ancient Greek λαμβάνω (lambánō), Ancient Greek δέχομαι (dékhomai) and their many compounds: to receive, accept or get, to take hold of something, to gain or obtain it.^[5][2] With a person it means to take someone under one's protection, for Greek ἀντιλαμβάνεσθαι, and it can also mean to seize or overcome someone.^[5] A further sense is to endure or suffer, for Ancient Greek πάσχω (páskhō); the Euchologium Sinaiticum already uses it so.^[5][6] Reflexive приѩти сѧ is said of plants that take root.^[5] The phrase приѩти врѣмѧ means to find the right moment (Ps 74, 3 Sin).^[5]

Later Church Slavonic kept the verb: Giltebrandt lists прїѧ́ти in the New Testament for παραλαβεῖν, λαβεῖν, δέχεσθαι and their compounds.^[7] Vasmer notes that Russian приятный (prijatnyj) and Church Slavonic приѩтьнъ “acceptable” belong with this verb and not with приꙗти “to favour”.^[8]

Timeline

• End of the 9th – beginning of the 10th century – the Euchologium Sinaiticum uses приѩти for λαμβάνειν, προσδέχεσθαι, ὑπολαμβάνειν and πάσχειν.^[6]
• 1882–1885 – Giltebrandt lists the New Testament uses of прїѧ́ти with their Greek equivalents.^[7]

Meanings

Verb

1. To receive, accept, get; for λαμβάνειν, δέχεσθαι and their compounds.^[5][2][1]
2. To obtain, gain, acquire; for τυγχάνειν, κληρονομεῖν.^[5]
3. To take, grasp; for λαμβάνειν, κρατεῖν.^[5][1]
4. To take someone under one's protection, to help; for ἀντιλαμβάνεσθαι.^[5]
5. To seize, overcome, take hold of someone; for καταλαμβάνειν, κατέχειν.^[5]
6. To endure, suffer, undergo; for πάσχειν, ὑπομένειν.^[5][6]
7. (reflexive) To take root; for ῥιζοῦσθαι.^[5]

Word family

• приимати
• приѩтиѥ
• приѩтьнъ
• въсприѧти
• страньноприѧтие

Related words

• ѩти
• имати
• имѣти
• възѧти
• прѣѩти

Usage notes

Not to be confused with приꙗти “to be well disposed to someone”, the source of приꙗтель “friend”: it is a separate verb, from Proto-Slavic *prijati (“to please, favour”).^[9][10][8]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Slovník nejstarších staroslověnských památek (digital ed., Gorazd, Slovanský ústav AV ČR, gorazd.org); cf. Cejtlin, R. M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, É. (eds.) (1994), Staroslavjanskij slovar' (po rukopisjam X–XI vekov), Moskva: Russkij jazyk
3. ^ a b c d Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton, p. 233
4. ^ a b c Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 158
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org
6. ^ a b c SlaVaComp Metaglossar Griechisch–Kirchenslavisch, Universität Freiburg, slavistik-portal.de
7. ^ a b Gil'tebrandt, P. A. (1882–1885), Spravočnyj i ob''jasnitel'nyj slovar' k Novomu Zavetu, 6 vols., Sankt-Peterburg
8. ^ a b Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), Ètimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka, transl. and suppl. by O. N. Trubačev, 4 vols., Moskva: Progress, p. 3, 369–370
9. ^ Havlová, Eva; Erhart, Adolf; Janyšková, Ilona (eds.) (1989–2022), Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského, 21 fascicles, Praha: Academia / Brno: Tribun EU, p. 714
10. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 420