погоубити

Forms

погоубити (pogubiti), present погоублѭ, погоубиши, pf^[1][2]

Etymology

It is formed from Old Church Slavonic по- (po-) + гоубити (gubiti, “to destroy”).^[3][4] The simple verb is inherited from Proto-Slavic *gubiti (“to destroy, to lose”), found in all the Slavic languages: Russian губить (gubítʹ), Bulgarian губя (gúbja), Serbo-Croatian gùbiti, Slovene gubíti, Czech hubit and Polish gubić.^[4][5][3]

ESJS takes *gubiti as the causative of *gybnǫti (“to perish”) (OCS гꙑбнѫти).^[4] Derksen reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *gʰoubʰ-eie-, a causative-iterative of the root *gʰewbʰ-;^[5][3] Wiktionary notes that others reconstruct the root differently.^[5][3] Sadnik and Aitzetmüller hold that the Proto-Slavic roots for "to perish" and "to bend" cannot be separated, and compare Latvian gubt (“to bend, to sink, to collapse”) and Lithuanian gaubti (“to arch”), with dvigubas (“double”).^[6]

Earliest recorded meaning

In the Gospels погоубити renders Ancient Greek ἀπόλλυμι (apóllumi, “to destroy, to lose”), as in приде потопъ ꙇ погоуби вьсѧ “the flood came and destroyed them all” (L 17, 27, Zogr Mar).^[2] The Greek–OCS index of the SJS counts it for ἀπολλύναι 34 times in the Zographensis and 37 times in the Marianus.^[2]

Semantic evolution

The first sense is "to destroy, to kill", for ἀπολλύναι and also Ancient Greek ἀναιρέω (anairéō), ἀποκτείνειν, διαφθείρειν and ἐξολοθρεύειν.^[2][1] The second is "to lose, to waste", as in the parable of the lost sheep, ꙇ погоубль единѫ отъ нихъ “and having lost one of them” (L 15, 4, Zogr Mar), and не погоубитъ мъздꙑ своеѩ “he shall not lose his reward” (Mt 10, 42).^[2]

Church Slavonic kept both senses: Giltebrandt glosses it "to destroy" and "to lose" for ἀπολέσαι and ἀποκτεῖναι, and Dyachenko adds "to break, to crush" for θραύειν in Numbers.^[7][8]

Timeline

• End of the 9th – beginning of the 10th century – the Euchologium Sinaiticum uses погоубити for ἀπόλλυμι and καταφθείρειν.^[9]
• Up to the beginning of the 15th century – a Serbian translation from the Rila Monastery has it for ὄλλυμι and χειρόομαι.^[9]
• 1882–1885 – Giltebrandt lists its New Testament uses in Church Slavonic.^[7]

Meanings

Verb

1. To destroy, to kill; for ἀπολλύναι, ἀναιρεῖν, ἀποκτείνειν.^{[2][1][3][10]}
2. To lose, to waste; for ἀπολλύναι.^[2][10]

Word family

• погоублꙗти
• погоублѥниѥ

Related words

• гоубити
• изгоубити
• пагоуба
• гꙑбнѫти

Usage notes

The SJS and the SNSP treat погоубити as perfective, with the imperfective погоублꙗти;^[2][1][4][3] Wiktionary labels it imperfective.^[2][1][4][3]

References

1. ^ a b c d e Slovník nejstarších staroslověnských památek (digital ed., Gorazd, Slovanský ústav AV ČR, gorazd.org); cf. Cejtlin, R. M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, É. (eds.) (1994), Staroslavjanskij slovar' (po rukopisjam X–XI vekov), Moskva: Russkij jazyk
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org
3. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
4. ^ a b c d e Havlová, Eva; Erhart, Adolf; Janyšková, Ilona (eds.) (1989–2022), Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského, 21 fascicles, Praha: Academia / Brno: Tribun EU, p. 211
5. ^ a b c Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 195
6. ^ Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton, p. 241
7. ^ a b Gil'tebrandt, P. A. (1882–1885), Spravočnyj i ob''jasnitel'nyj slovar' k Novomu Zavetu, 6 vols., Sankt-Peterburg
8. ^ D'jačenko, Grigorij (1899), Polnyj cerkovno-slavjanskij slovar', Moskva
9. ^ a b SlaVaComp Metaglossar Griechisch–Kirchenslavisch, Universität Freiburg, slavistik-portal.de
10. ^ a b Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton