инъ

Forms

инъ (inŭ)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьnъ (“other, another”), also reconstructed as *(j)inъ.^[2][1] The same word is Russian иной (inoj), Ukrainian інший (inšyj), Bulgarian ин (in), Serbo-Croatian ȉn, Slovene in, Czech jiný, Slovak iný and Polish inny, all meaning "other, different".^[2][1][3] Vasmer notes that the West Slavic forms point to *inъ.^[3]

Derksen and Wiktionary trace it, through Proto-Balto-Slavic *iˀnas (“one”) (Derksen *(o)iʔnos), to Proto-Indo-European *h₁inos (“one”) (Derksen *HiH-no-), the word for "one" of the related languages: Lithuanian víenas (“one”), Latvian viêns, Old Prussian ainan, Ancient Greek οἴνη (oínē, “one (on dice)”) and Latin ūnus (“one”), with its older form oinos.^[2][1] Vasmer adds Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (ains) and Old Irish óin, and with another vowel grade ìnas (“real, proper”).^[3]

Vasmer holds that the word cannot be separated from the element "one" of compounds and derivatives such as иночѧдъ (“only-begotten”), инорогъ (“unicorn”) and вꙑинѫ (“always”).^[3] He calls Meillet's view, that the word for "other" and the one for "one, alone" are of different origin, hard to prove, and Brugmann argued against it; a link with the pronoun stem of иже is likewise unproven.^[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The word is in the oldest Gospel manuscripts, where it translates Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”) and Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros, “other, another”).^[4][5] In John 4, 37 the Codex Zographensis, the Codex Marianus and the Codex Assemanianus have ꙇнъ естъ сѣѩи • ꙇ инъ естъ жьнѧі "one is the sower and another the reaper", and in Matthew 4, 21 видѣ ꙇна дъва братра "he saw two other brothers" (Zogr, As, Sav).^[4][5]

Semantic evolution

Besides "other", the canonical texts use the plural инии for "some, certain people", rendering Ancient Greek τις (tis); here the Gospel manuscripts vary, the Savvina kniga having ини where the Zographensis and Assemanianus have етери, the Marianus едини and the Ostromir Gospel нѣции (J 11, 37).^[4][5] The pairs инъ … инъ, ови … инии express "one … another, some … others", for ἄλλος … ἄλλος and οἱ μὲν … οἱ δέ.^[4] In the Codex Suprasliensis the word can also mean "each, every", for Ancient Greek ἕκαστος (hékastos), and при иномь оубо … же means "otherwise … but".^[5] Miklosich adds the sense "one" in въ инѫ "always" and an adverb ино "but also" in a chronicle.^[6]

The word lived on in Church Slavonic: Giltebrandt lists инъ, иный for ἄλλος and ἕτερος throughout the New Testament.^[7] SlaVaComp records it for ἄλλος and ἕτερος in the Euchologium translation of the end of the 9th or beginning of the 10th century, and in Serbian translations of the 14th and early 15th centuries.^[8]

Timeline

• End of the 9th – beginning of the 10th century – инъ renders ἄλλος and ἕτερος in the Euchologium, beside дроугъ.^[8]
• 14th century – the Serbian Athonite translation of Gregory of Nyssa uses it for ἄλλος and ἕτερος.^[8]
• 1882–1885 – Giltebrandt lists its New Testament uses in Church Slavonic, for ἄλλος and ἕτερος.^[7]

Meanings

Pronoun

1. Some, a certain one; in the plural, some people; for τις.^[4][5]
2. Other, another, different; for ἄλλος, ἕτερος, ἀλλότριος.^[4][5][1][9]
3. инъ … инъ: one … another, some … others; for ἄλλος … ἄλλος.^[4][9]
4. Each, every; for ἕκαστος (Suprasliensis).^[5]
5. въ инѫ: always.^[6][9][5]

Word family

• вꙑинѫ
• иночѧдъ
• инорогъ
• иноплеменьникъ

Related words

• Russian иной (inoj)
• дроугъ

Usage notes

For Greek ἄλλος the Gospel manuscripts often alternate between инъ and дроугъ: in Matthew 27, 49 the Zographensis, Marianus and Savvina kniga have дроугꙑи where the Assemanianus, the Vatican Gospel and the Ostromir Gospel have инъ.^[4]

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 212
3. ^ a b c d e Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), Ètimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka, transl. and suppl. by O. N. Trubačev, 4 vols., Moskva: Progress, p. 2, 134–135
4. ^ a b c d e f g h Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org
5. ^ a b c d e f g h Slovník nejstarších staroslověnských památek (digital ed., Gorazd, Slovanský ústav AV ČR, gorazd.org); cf. Cejtlin, R. M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, É. (eds.) (1994), Staroslavjanskij slovar' (po rukopisjam X–XI vekov), Moskva: Russkij jazyk
6. ^ a b Miklosich, Franz (1862–1865), Lexicon palaeoslovenico-graeco-latinum emendatum auctum, Vindobonae: Braumüller
7. ^ a b Gil'tebrandt, P. A. (1882–1885), Spravočnyj i ob''jasnitel'nyj slovar' k Novomu Zavetu, 6 vols., Sankt-Peterburg
8. ^ a b c SlaVaComp Metaglossar Griechisch–Kirchenslavisch, Universität Freiburg, slavistik-portal.de
9. ^ a b c Swan, Oscar E. (2008), Old Church Slavic Glossary, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh; digital ed. with N. H. Reimer, Old Church Slavonic Dictionary