изити

Forms

изити (iziti) pf^[1]

• Present изидѫ, изидеши;^[2] the past forms are built on the stem ишьд-.^[3]

Etymology

It is formed from Old Church Slavonic из- (iz-, “out”) + ити (iti, “to go”), from the preposition из and the verb ити;^[1][4] ESJS lists it among the derivatives of the verb.^[1][4] The preposition continues Proto-Slavic *jьz.^[5]

The verb continues *jьti (“to go”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *éitei and Proto-Indo-European *h₁éyti (“to go”), and is cognate with Lithuanian eĩti (“to go”), Latin eō (“to go”) and Ancient Greek εἶμι (eîmi, “to go”).^[6][1][4] The present stem in -d- is explained by Derksen as taken from the imperative, while ESJS also records it as a Slavic or Balto-Slavic innovation, and Sadnik and Aitzetmüller compare the present of ꙗхати.^[6][4][7]

Earliest recorded meaning

The Gospel codices use изити for Ancient Greek ἐξέρχεσθαι (exérkhesthai, “to go out”), as in Peter's denial: ꙇ ишьдъ вънъ плака сѧ горⸯко “and he went out and wept bitterly” (Mt 26, 75 Zogr, ишедъ Mar As).^[8][2]

Semantic evolution

Besides going out, for ἐξέρχεσθαι, Ancient Greek ἐξιέναι (exiénai) and ἐκπορεύεσθαι, it is used of liquids gushing out, as the blood and water from Christ's side (J 19, 34) or a spring in the Codex Suprasliensis.^[8][2] Phrases include изити противѫ комоу and изити въ сърѣтениѥ “to go out to meet someone” (Mt 25, 1), изити въ слѣдъ “to follow”, and изити на кого “to march out against someone” (L 22, 52); изити на сѣчь renders μονομαχεῖν “to fight in single combat”, in the title of Psalm 151 about David and Goliath.^[8][2] ESJS adds the senses to pass, of time, and to rise.^[4]

Meanings

Verb

1. To go out, come out, leave; for ἐξέρχεσθαι, ἐκπορεύεσθαι.^[8][2][1]
2. (of liquids) To flow out, gush.^[8][2]
3. (with противѫ, на) To go out to meet someone, or to march out against someone.^[8]
4. (of time) To pass, elapse.^[4]

Related words

• ити
• вънити
• приити
• отити

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Slovník nejstarších staroslověnských památek (digital ed., Gorazd, Slovanský ústav AV ČR, gorazd.org); cf. Cejtlin, R. M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, É. (eds.) (1994), Staroslavjanskij slovar' (po rukopisjam X–XI vekov), Moskva: Russkij jazyk
3. ^ Swan, Oscar E. (2008), Old Church Slavic Glossary, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh; digital ed. with N. H. Reimer, Old Church Slavonic Dictionary
4. ^ a b c d e f Havlová, Eva; Erhart, Adolf; Janyšková, Ilona (eds.) (1989–2022), Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského, 21 fascicles, Praha: Academia / Brno: Tribun EU, p. 256
5. ^ Havlová, Eva; Erhart, Adolf; Janyšková, Ilona (eds.) (1989–2022), Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského, 21 fascicles, Praha: Academia / Brno: Tribun EU, p. 257
6. ^ a b Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4, Leiden / Boston: Brill
7. ^ Sadnik, Linda; Aitzetmüller, Rudolf (1955), Handwörterbuch zu den altkirchenslavischen Texten, Heidelberg: Winter / 's-Gravenhage: Mouton, p. 247
8. ^ a b c d e f Kurz, Josef; Hauptová, Zoe (eds.) (1958–1997), Slovník jazyka staroslověnského / Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae, 4 vols. + supplements, Praha: Academia; digital ed. gorazd.org