adun

Forms

adun (third-person singular adunã or adune, participle adunatã or adunate)^[1]

• A first-class verb, also reflexive (mi-adun): aorist adunai or anai, imperfect adunam or anam, participle adunatã or anatã, infinitive adunari/adunare or anari/anare.^[2] Wiktionary gives the third person adunã or adune and the participle adunatã or adunate.^[1]
• The shortened forms (anăm, anai, anat, anare) belong mainly to the southern varieties, according to Papahagi;^[3] Capidan and Pericle Papahagi also record alnăm and alnare.^[4][5] Weigand explains anaro from adunaro.^[6]
• Other spellings: ADÚN in Papahagi's dictionary;^[3] adúnŭ in Mihăileanu;^[7] adin, aorist adunăi, in Dalametra;^[8] adunu in DIARO and as Wiktionary's alternative form;^[9][1] adunu in Kavalliotis's word list^[10] and aduni in Daniil's.^[11]
• Regional forms: adün in Weigand's texts;^[6] adúnŭ in the atlas ALAR;^[12] adun and the third person ad'unā in Turia;^[13][14] adúnu in Metsovo;^[15] Katsanis and Dinas give a(du)nai and a(du)natu.^[16]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin adūnō (“to unite, make one”).^{[3][17][16][1]}

The verb is common to the four Eastern Romance languages: Romanian aduna, Megleno-Romanian dun and Istro-Romanian aduru.^[18] The western cognates are Italian adunare, French auner in Old French and Spanish aunar.^[19][18] Pușcariu notes that the adverb deadun (“together”) points to a Latin phrase of ad and ūnum.^[20]

In Latin the verb is rare, used mainly by Justin and the Christian writers.^[21] It is formed from ad- (“to”) and ūnus (“one”);^[1] De Vaan traces ūnus to Proto-Italic *oino- and Proto-Indo-European *Hoi-no- (“one”).^[22]

Earliest recorded meaning

Kavalliotis's word list of 1770 gives adunu for Modern Greek μαζώνω (mazóno, “to gather”);^[10] Daniil's Tetraglosson has aduni for the same Greek verb.^[11]

Semantic evolution

From the Latin sense of uniting, the verb came to mean to gather things together.^[2][1] Papahagi lists twelve senses: to gather, to assemble, to accompany, to meet, to leave, to pick grapes, to ripen (of a boil), to receive or cash, to collect oneself, to sigh, to shorten and to swallow.^[3] DIARO calls it the most common verb for picking fruit.^[23] The imperative adună-u means clear off.^[3][24] The atlas ALAR records adúnŭ súflitlu (I gather my soul) for to sigh and adúnŭ frấmt÷a (I gather my brow) for to frown.^[12] In Turia it is used of gathering the flock, and of bees gathering honey.^[13][14]

Timeline

• 1770 – adunu “to gather” in Kavalliotis's word list.^[10]
• 1802 – aduni in Daniil's Tetraglosson, as printed by Leake in 1814.^[11]
• 1894 – adün “to unite” in Weigand's glossary.^[6]
• 1901 – adúnŭ in Mihăileanu's dictionary.^[7]

Meanings

Verb

1. To gather, collect, bring together.^[2][1][3]
2. To pick (fruit, flowers); to harvest (grapes).^[2][23][3]
3. To put aside, save.^[2]
4. (reflexive) To assemble, come together; to meet.^[1][3][8]
5. (reflexive) To accompany, keep company with.^[1][3]
6. To suppurate, fester (of a wound or boil).^[7][3]
7. To roll up (a sleeve, a skirt).^[7]

Related words

• adunare
• adunat
• Romanian aduna

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 20
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Papahagi, Tache (1974), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, 2nd augmented ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. 109
4. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1932), Aromânii: dialectul aromân. Studiu lingvistic, București: Academia Română (Academia Română, Studii și cercetări XX), p. 482
5. ^ Papahagi, Pericle (1905), Basme aromâne și glosar, București: Academia Română, p. 510
6. ^ a b c Weigand, Gustav (1894), Die Aromunen: ethnographisch-philologisch-historische Untersuchungen, vol. II: Volksliteratur der Aromunen (with a glossary), Leipzig: J. A. Barth, p. 289
7. ^ a b c d Mihăileanu, Ștefan (1901), Dicționar macedo-român, București, p. 7
8. ^ a b Dalametra, I. (1906), Dicționar macedo-român, București: Academia Română, p. 3
9. ^ Caragiu Marioțeanu, Matilda et al. (1997), Dicționar aromân (macedo-vlah) DIARO, A–D, București, p. 21
10. ^ a b c Meyer, Gustav (1895), Albanesische Studien IV: Das griechisch-südrumänisch-albanesische Wörterverzeichnis des Kavalliotis, Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, phil.-hist. Classe 132, p. 80
11. ^ a b c Leake, William Martin (1814), Researches in Greece, London (prints Daniil of Moscopole's Tetraglosson), p. 387
12. ^ a b Saramandu, Nicolae (2023), Glosar aromân, Fonetică și dialectologie XLII: 103–176, p. 107
13. ^ a b Бара, Мариана; Каль, Теде; Соболев, Андрей Н. (2005), Южноарумынский говор села Турия (Малый диалектологический атлас балканских языков, серия монографий 1), p. 378
14. ^ a b Бара, Мариана; Каль, Теде; Соболев, Андрей Н. (2005), Южноарумынский говор села Турия (Малый диалектологический атлас балканских языков, серия монографий 1), p. 394
15. ^ Δασούλας, Φώτης (2013), Το βλαχικό ιδίωμα του Μετσόβου, 2nd ed.
16. ^ a b Κατσάνης, Νικόλαος; Ντίνας, Κωνσταντίνος (1990), Γραμματική της κοινής κουτσοβλαχικής, Θεσσαλονίκη: Αρχείο Κουτσοβλαχικών Μελετών, p. 136
17. ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 179
18. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001)
19. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
20. ^ Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter
21. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
22. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
23. ^ a b Caragiu Marioțeanu, Matilda et al. (1997), Dicționar aromân (macedo-vlah) DIARO, A–D, București, p. 322
24. ^ Caragiu Marioțeanu, Matilda et al. (1997), Dicționar aromân (macedo-vlah) DIARO, A–D, București, p. 202