zbiera

Forms

zbiera (third-person singular present zbiară, past participle zbierat) 1st conjugation^[1]

Etymology

Its origin is disputed.^[2][3] According to the DLR, MDA2 and DEX it is probably inherited from Vulgar Latin *exbēlō, a compound of ex- and Late Latin bēlō (“to bleat”), the late form of bālō.^[3][4][5][1] Ciorănescu and Tiktin prefer Vulgar Latin *verrō, a verb formed on verrēs (“boar”), which Tiktin thinks first described the boar in rut; Spanish berrear and Portuguese berrar would continue the same verb.^[2][6][1] He finds the bleating verb less likely, because Latin /eː/ does not give /je/ in Romanian.^[2]

The verb survives south of the Danube: Aromanian azgher and Megleno-Romanian zber.^[7][8][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The verb is first found in names: the name Zbiară in 1452, and Tiktin dates a record to 1459.^[9][6] In Romanian texts it appears in Coresi's Psalter of 1589, of the lion that roars (Psalm 21:13).^[10] The 17th-century Slavonic–Romanian lexicons use zbier for words meaning to bleat and to roar.^[11]

Semantic evolution

The first sense is the loud cry of an animal: a lion roaring, an ass braying, a sheep bleating.^[6][4] Dosoftei writes in the 1680s that the birds of heaven cried with loud voices.^[3][4] Used of people, it means to shout, roar or bawl, and also to wail loudly.^[6][5] With la it means to shout at someone.^[6]

Timeline

• 1452 – the personal name Zbiară.^[9]
• 1459 – the first record Tiktin cites.^[6]
• 1589 – zbiară in Coresi's Psalter.^[10]
• c. 1660 – zbier “I bleat, I roar” in a Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.^[11]
• 1682 – in Dosoftei's Lives of the Saints, MDA2's first record.^[4]

Meanings

Verb

1. Of animals, to give a loud cry: to bellow, bray, bleat.^[5][4][1]
2. Of people, to shout loudly and shrilly; to yell, răcni.^[5][1]
3. To cry or wail loudly; of children, to bawl.^[5][12]

Word family

• zbieret
• zbierat

Related words

• vier
• Aromanian azgher

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. zbiera
3. ^ a b c Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. zbiera
4. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1552
5. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1220
6. ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. zbiera
7. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 171
8. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 336
9. ^ a b Constantinescu, N. A. (1963), Dicționar onomastic romînesc, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. zbiera
10. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 21:13
11. ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. zbier
12. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. zbiera