zadă

Forms

zadă f (plural zade)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin daeda (“pitch pine; torch”), a form of taeda recorded in the Latin glosses.^[2][3][4][1] The Latin word is a borrowing from the accusative of Ancient Greek δᾴς (dáis, “torch”), and Tiktin thinks the ⟨d-⟩ of the Latin variant comes from the Greek word too.^[5]

The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian dzadă, Megleno-Romanian zadă and Istro-Romanian zǫdĕ.^[2][6][7] The form with ⟨d-⟩ is shared with Sicilian deda and the dialects of Calabria and Corsica, while Dalmatian teda continues the form with ⟨t-⟩.^[2][4][5]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in the Latin–Romanian glossary known as the Anonymus Caransebesiensis, which Tiktin dates to about 1670 and MDA2 to 1650–1700.^[5][8] There, as in the modern language, it is the larch.^[9]

Semantic evolution

The Latin and the south-Danubian words mean resinous pinewood, a torch or a splinter for kindling, and Aromanian still uses dzadă for a stick of pine used to light the fire.^[6][10] North of the Danube the word became the name of a resinous tree, the larch (Larix decidua), and keeps the old sense, a resinous splinter for lighting, in Moldavia.^[5][11] MDA2 also records it for the Scots pine in the old language.^[8]

Timeline

• c. 1670 – zadă in the Anonymus Caransebesiensis, the first record.^[5][8]
• 1929 – zad and zadă among the folk names of the larch in Panțu.^[12]

Meanings

Noun

1. The European larch, a resinous tree of the pine family with needles that fall in autumn and hard, durable wood (Larix decidua).^[3][8][1]
2. (regional) A thin resinous splinter of larch, fir or another conifer, used for lighting or kindling; a torch.^[11][8][1]

Related words

• Aromanian dzadă
• Latin taeda

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. zadă
3. ^ a b DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1215
4. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 8520
5. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. zadă
6. ^ a b Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 430
7. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 332
8. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1531
9. ^ Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. zadă
10. ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 79
11. ^ a b Dima, Eugenia (coord.) (2007), Dicționar explicativ ilustrat al limbii române, Chișinău: Arc / Gunivas, p. s.v. zadă
12. ^ Panțu, Zach. C. (1929), Plantele cunoscute de poporul român. Vocabular botanic cuprinzând numirile române, franceze, germane și științifice, 2nd ed., București: Editura Casei Școalelor, p. 342