vânzare

Forms

vânzare f (plural vânzări)^[1] MDA2 lists a regional neuter vânzar and rare old forms with ven- and vin-.^[2] The Lexicon de la Buda (1825) spells it Vẻndzare and glosses de vẻndzare with Latin venalis “for sale”.^[3]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian vinde + -are, the suffix of the long infinitive.^[4][2][1] Tiktin compares the similar formations făcare and născare.^[5] Scriban derives it from the stem of the verb, and Șăineanu calls it a parallel form of vindere, as crezare stands beside credere.^[6][7]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin and MDA2 date the first record to 1581, in Coresi's Carte de învățătură, with the sense “sale”.^[5][2]

Semantic evolution

The sense “betrayal” is old: Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon of 1649 uses the word to gloss a Slavonic word for treachery.^[8] Tiktin quotes it from Negruzzi in the sense “treason”, and DEX keeps “betrayal” as a figurative sense.^[5][4]

The phrase de vânzare “for sale” is common from the folk poetry Alecsandri collected on: „Nu mi-e negrul de vânzare” “my black horse is not for sale”.^[5] Vânzare bună! is a farewell a customer wishes a shopkeeper.^[4] Later legal and economic uses include vânzare silită “forced sale” and contract de vânzare “contract of sale”, and the press of the 2000s formed vânzare-record “record sale”.^[2][9]

Timeline

• 1581 – vânzare “sale” in Coresi's Carte de învățătură.^[5][2]
• 1649 – in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon, glossing “betrayal”.^[8]
• 1688 – vânzare in the Bucharest Bible.^[10]
• 1801 – Vaenzáre in Klein's dictionary.^[11]
• 1825 – Vẻndzare “sale” in the Lexicon de la Buda.^[3]
• 2005 – vânzare-record “record sale” in the press.^[9]

Meanings

Noun

1. sale, selling: de vânzare “for sale”;^[4] vânzare silită “forced sale”;^[4] vânzare bună! a wish said to a seller on leaving the shop.^[4]
2. (concrete) What is sold, goods.^[4]
3. (economics) The exchange of goods for a sum of money, the price.^[4]
4. (figurative) Betrayal, treason.^[4][5]

Related words

• vânzător
• cumpărare

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1436
3. ^ a b Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 748
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1188
5. ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. vânzare
6. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1414
7. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 687
8. ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. vînzare
9. ^ a b Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE), p. s.v. vânzare
10. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Genesis 42:1
11. ^ Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 472